TCS Selection Guidelines
=========================
Firstly, TCS has several levels of tests/interview in their selection
procedure.
1. Aptitude test (generally online test) consisting of three sections,
verbal abilities, quantitive abilities and logical reasoning abilities. In
verbal, u r asked antonyms of several words in english language, similar but
less exhaustive than GRE verbal section. Quantitive consists of class X
level mathematical skill testing problems. loogical reasoning will ask you
yes/no/can't say type qstns based on a paragraph. u will have to read
through the paragraph fast but efficiently understanding only the main pith
of the written material.
regading the words, they ask the same words over and over again. So,
memorise
the word meanings from all the papers that i have put up. U will surely get
all of them common. In case, u have given GRE, don't bother abt this section
at all. All words are common.
Each section is time limited. I have forgotten the exact time division. So u
can not afford to waste too much time on any one section.
2. Psychometry: When u clear the above three section, u will be allowed to
appear for psychometry. Its 150 qstns to be answered in 30 min. Always
remember to give POSITIVE and CONSISTENT answers since the same qstn repeats
with a different sentense construction sometimes later. Try to hide -ve
traits in ur character as like being impatient, getting bored easily,
distracted easily, feeling uneasy in a gathering of many people, unsocial
and over talkative nature, etc. They ask qstns like whether u wld make
frndship with a person of opposite sex, feel insomnia without reason,
consistently brood over a mistake u did in the past, the type of person u r,
etc etc. what u r actually is not important, what qualities wld make ur
employers happy is important.
3. After u clear psycho, is ur technical interview. Qstns come mainly from
the projects, experiences u have gathered. They check ur resume and the blue
form and ask qstns from there. Even sometimes they test ur logical ablities
by asking puzzles like the type they ask at Infy. get through with the
project works and stuff and be smart and reply confidently.
4. Clearing technical inter will make u elligible for HR interview which is
also the final stage. Qstns are various types, including ur background, ur
hobbies, etcx etc. They are known to harrass people with their hobbies. so,
whatever hobbies u write, plzz be through with it and prepare so that u can
answer qstns from ur hobbies. Like if u say singing, plzz get through with
ur scale and technical things related to singing etc. If u like reading,
plzz be prepared to name a few novels and face qstns on those novels. Also,
they might try to embarras u by asking qstns of personal and slightly
indecent nature like abt ur boyfriend, ur affairs(if any) etc. Stay calm and
answer them with a smiling face. Keep eye contact. Don't get provoked by any
means.
Thats abt all. They take a week or so to announce results. So have patience
and hope for the best.
Lastly a disclaimer:
===============================================================================
All this are from my experience and experience from my
frnds and colleagues. They need not match ur experiences with the interview.
As a matter of fact, ur experneces cld be entirely different. These are
guidelines only and there is no gurantee that things wld go as I have
writen. Its TOTALLY ON ONE's OWN LUCK and thats what anyone wld need in
plenty to clear such interviews. Neither i am in anyway associated with TCS
HR nor with the interview procedure. So, i am not responsible for the
methodologies or stategies they use.
Monday, September 8, 2008
satym paper 5
____________
I got selected in Satyam after much struggle.I would like to thank the owners of this wonderful group and all the members who have been providing valuable information about companies from time to time.
Well coming to the point I would like to tell u abt the pattern.Actually its a 30 min test and there are 15 questions. The most important thing is time management.questions are very easy.I will soon be mailing the questions on the group id.My topic for GD was "Environment-Whose Responisibility".
Questions for interview were mainly from C,C++.And he also asked me my choice so I told him data base so he also me few questions on data base.With the paper I will also mail the int questions.
i'm very thankful to chetna group as it helped me to
get a job as a software engineer trainee in SATYAM
computer services limited.
the test was held at Delhi as usual first written
then GD and finally interview.
some helpful information :
date of test : 28-29 sept.
total no of candidate appeared for written
:690(approx)
total selected for GD : 247
total selected for interview: 107
final selection :73
Compensation package offered: 2.0 lacs per annum
gross (but during training a
stipend of
Rs. 10,000 will only be given )
training period : 6 months ( 2months in secundra
bad,then remaining period at any of their indian
development centres)
agreement bond : for 2 years of Rs. 2 lacks
test paper pattern :
15 question in 30 minutes ,which comprises of 5
questions from gorge summers puzzle book
and few were easy quantitative question& puzzles ,3
simple missing number series of alphabets or numbers.
the gd topics were very simple and general one.
my topic was: should GD be a part of selection
process?
then in intw: one technical ,and one HR person were
sitting
i was asked question on my final year project ,my
family background , why i want to join software
company (as i 'm a mechanical engineer),any team
efforts done by me in college ?simple c,C++ question
,area of interest . hobbies.
personal suggestion :just keep your cool ,dont panic
,and most importantly be natural .
the quality they are looking in a candidate: aptitude
& most importantly attitude & nothing else believe me
.
Apti had logical puzzles like infosys pattern,slightly simpler - 15 ques in 30 min with negative marking. I marked only 8,and i think got all right. then in GD topic was : Should GD be important in selection process. Guys started with saying that GD is very imp, this that blah blah. But i said that main thing is what kind of skills the company is looking for in the candidate.like for a Software Engr job technical knowledge is most imp.
then interview was ok lasted for 30 min,mainly technical - databases,why database should be used instead of files. i forgot one main point which the interviewer mentioned - that security is an advantage with databases over traditional file structures. then pointers,diff b/w call by value & reference, OS - diff b/w multitasking,multithreading,multiprocessing. what is thrashing ?( i didnt know).
a bit abt the test----->
the test was for two days ---long tiring process....
the first day the logical reasoning paper...
there were 15 questions to be answered in 30 minutes. don't worry abt that... questions are difficult with -ve marking go through the instruction first... here cut off was merely 5 question... it means if you are solving only 5-6 questions corectly then you have fair chances...
after that the GD was there....--- be confident and do talk your level best..
your view is not mattered but the way you communicate is importent...
then the second day the interview was there...
it was really cool don't worry about it... questions were on your project and if you are a freshers then easy questions like
diff in arrays and ptrs..
diff in C and C++ etc..
diff in class and structure..
be confident and yes one common question was to describe abt you...--- this is importent... start from your family and education then strengths and weeknesses and see this is what they expect---> be confident and talk like professional...
communication and softskills are needed.. be +ve.
one more thing while filling the forms remember what you have filled.. this is also important.
rest best of luck.
And FINALLY I CANT MISS TO THANKS THE SITE USERS AND SPECIALY THE MODERATOR FOR PROVIDING ALL THE NECESSARY INFORMATION... THANKS A LOT..
I HAVE CLEARED ALL THE ROUNDS OF TCS ALSO AND WAITING POSITEVELY FOR THE RESULT..
I HAVE MADE IT TO HCL TECH NOIDA ALSO AND WAITING FOR THE FINAL TECH ROUND.
SATYAM
All Aptitude
1. get the correct arrangment of sentences.
i. This is.
ii.This is sentence with 4 references.
iii.This is to say that this sentence is a lonf sentence.
iv.This is not the last sentence of the paragraph.
v. The previous sentence to this is the longest sentence.
vi.This is first sentence of last paragraph.
vii.This refers to last sentence.
There were 2 more sentncs similar 2 this. For the correct soln look at the answers & get it. By lookin at the stmts u wont get anythin.
2. Somethin bout _a's,ii b's,ii c's.......i didnt get the question.
3. A third of this value is 1/2. What is the value.
Ans: 3/2
4. How to measure 4 l by using 5 l & 3 l vessels only.
Choices were 5 l - 520254 3 l - 032.....u will get it by lookin at answers.
5. there are 6 somethins...lets call it cups...holding 19,14,21,35,10,8 nails each. Joe and Jack bought 5 of them with Jack buying twice number of nails than Joe. How much did they buy.
Ans: Jack-21,35,10 Joe-19,14 U can get it by lookin at ans(again). Easy.
6. Truck is travellin at 60 kmph. Wat rate should car travel to be ahead of truck for 2 mins.
Choices were 72, 66.8, 90,.... Me thinks its 66.8. Not sure.
7. Ther are 10 red balls,6 white and 5 blue. How many balls should i pick to make sure that i have atleast 1 of each.
8. A horribly phrased & really long question bout base 3....If u do get it attempt it only if time permits.
9.Next 4 Very very easy.
Old code
BLUE SKY (or somethin)....most of my qs r not xact
1234 567
New Code
SKY BLUE
123 4567
A company initially had a code for keepin price secret(god knows why)....dat was old code. They felt it was time 2 change & adopted to new code.
Q: If LKY was old code...wat is correspondin new code
10. Refer above for a similar q
11.Again from the 8th one....somethin bout letters repeatin themselves.
12. If SUE was in old code & was overlooked during new code....wat will the price be if salesman does not change code. Again refer 8.
from 4 mostly can score easily.
13. There are 1 way routes from A to G, Mto H, A to F....(A, G etc are given as some place)
Which is the shortest route from A to F.
Ans: U dont even have to draw a graph. Just look at q & ans is urs.
14. A Fence was being erected by Jatin. The poles were to be 5 ft apart, but as Jatin(the fool that he is) forgot to bring 4 poles, he erected them 7 ft apart. The q is how much distance was the fence to cover.
Choice: 70 ft 92 ft 100 ft 75 ft....Ans: 70 ft.
15. A friend of my, a teacher, lives in a house. When i asked her address she told me that she lived in a street where her side had the houses marked successively with consecutive even house numbers. She told me that the block of 6 houses near her house on the same side had a total of the house numbers as 8790 & that her house had the lowest number among them. Wat was the number of her house.
Another easy one.
Following this was a gd. There were 5 topics
1. US war on iraq-justified or not.
2. Role of UN in peacekeeping.
3. Position of Women in India compared to other nations.
4. Environment MAnagement.
5. Is China better than India in software.
Ppl appearin for test: 828
PPl selected for gd: 300
Ppl selected for interviews: 142
Listen to 'Staind-So Far Away'....Nice Song
Written test: 15-qustion. 1-mark for right answer, 1/4 minus for every wrong answer.
I don't remember the questions exactly, but let me tell you.
1> e o e r e.... which is the next letter
2> A ship has a ladder which has 6 rungs. The first rung is 1 ft. above water. If tide rises 1 ft for every 15 min. How many rungs will be under water after 1 hr.
3> Red, blak hat like questions which requires damn horrible patince ton look in to the root of the problem and come up with answer. It was
from george summers.
4>Who is the billionaire among henry,everet..... Almost same question which was asked in infosys october 12th test.
5> mango, orange problem.... basically from R.S.Agrawal book.
6> Two qustions from CAT logical reasoning. The ones having 4 figures, we have to find the fifth. I was well prepared in that type. Most of the people got eliminated in these kind of problems only. One should be very carefull while answering such qeustions, b'coz you will find 2 figures which may look like right answers, but only one has the exact relationship with the previous 4 figures. So, you should be carefull in choosing such answers. I got them right.
7> Most of the rest were like george summers things, but modified perfectly. Like one of them tell you the exact truth, one sometimes tell you the truth, one lies. So, startr with which you see as wrong first. In my case I started with the thing which most others thought it to be wrong. I wrote that as answer. I got it right.
8> A nawab gets out at a railway station 2 earlier to his scheduled arrival. He walks at 3mph speed. At the same time, when he left railway station a cab left his house so as to reach the station just on time. He is walking towards his house. He got his cab on the way and reched his house 1 hr before what everybody thought it as his scheduled arrival. What is the distance between his house and railway station?
It is a very tricky railway station problem. Try to solve it. I will tell you the answer later.
* GROUP Discussion:
1> Environmental pollution whose responsibility is it? {topic given to me}
2> Computer is a female or male?
I remember only this much. One should have a good command over the language and the people around, then only he/she will be selected.
* HR-Tech interview:
It consists of HR-TEch both. A HR person and a tech engineer will be sitting together. Such 6 groups will be there. So, one need not wait for more. He/she may get any of these group. In tech interview tey will ask only about our project. Thatz very easy. simultaneously HR person will interfere{if you are cruising smoothly in tech. , as in my case}and he is the person who will put you under sea. You will feel like a fish put on road from water. It seems I did that one also perfectly. But, I should have put my percentage as 75+ in the resume which they provide there. They provide there own resume. So, I lost there in HR-Tech thing.
Few questions like:
" What is so special about software engineers?"
" If I give you a pen and make you to stand on top of this building and tell you too calculate the total height of this building how will you do it?"
" Tell me about your personal life"{ probably here also I failed. I told about my family and myself. I should has stressed more on my records"
I got selected in Satyam after much struggle.I would like to thank the owners of this wonderful group and all the members who have been providing valuable information about companies from time to time.
Well coming to the point I would like to tell u abt the pattern.Actually its a 30 min test and there are 15 questions. The most important thing is time management.questions are very easy.I will soon be mailing the questions on the group id.My topic for GD was "Environment-Whose Responisibility".
Questions for interview were mainly from C,C++.And he also asked me my choice so I told him data base so he also me few questions on data base.With the paper I will also mail the int questions.
i'm very thankful to chetna group as it helped me to
get a job as a software engineer trainee in SATYAM
computer services limited.
the test was held at Delhi as usual first written
then GD and finally interview.
some helpful information :
date of test : 28-29 sept.
total no of candidate appeared for written
:690(approx)
total selected for GD : 247
total selected for interview: 107
final selection :73
Compensation package offered: 2.0 lacs per annum
gross (but during training a
stipend of
Rs. 10,000 will only be given )
training period : 6 months ( 2months in secundra
bad,then remaining period at any of their indian
development centres)
agreement bond : for 2 years of Rs. 2 lacks
test paper pattern :
15 question in 30 minutes ,which comprises of 5
questions from gorge summers puzzle book
and few were easy quantitative question& puzzles ,3
simple missing number series of alphabets or numbers.
the gd topics were very simple and general one.
my topic was: should GD be a part of selection
process?
then in intw: one technical ,and one HR person were
sitting
i was asked question on my final year project ,my
family background , why i want to join software
company (as i 'm a mechanical engineer),any team
efforts done by me in college ?simple c,C++ question
,area of interest . hobbies.
personal suggestion :just keep your cool ,dont panic
,and most importantly be natural .
the quality they are looking in a candidate: aptitude
& most importantly attitude & nothing else believe me
.
Apti had logical puzzles like infosys pattern,slightly simpler - 15 ques in 30 min with negative marking. I marked only 8,and i think got all right. then in GD topic was : Should GD be important in selection process. Guys started with saying that GD is very imp, this that blah blah. But i said that main thing is what kind of skills the company is looking for in the candidate.like for a Software Engr job technical knowledge is most imp.
then interview was ok lasted for 30 min,mainly technical - databases,why database should be used instead of files. i forgot one main point which the interviewer mentioned - that security is an advantage with databases over traditional file structures. then pointers,diff b/w call by value & reference, OS - diff b/w multitasking,multithreading,multiprocessing. what is thrashing ?( i didnt know).
a bit abt the test----->
the test was for two days ---long tiring process....
the first day the logical reasoning paper...
there were 15 questions to be answered in 30 minutes. don't worry abt that... questions are difficult with -ve marking go through the instruction first... here cut off was merely 5 question... it means if you are solving only 5-6 questions corectly then you have fair chances...
after that the GD was there....--- be confident and do talk your level best..
your view is not mattered but the way you communicate is importent...
then the second day the interview was there...
it was really cool don't worry about it... questions were on your project and if you are a freshers then easy questions like
diff in arrays and ptrs..
diff in C and C++ etc..
diff in class and structure..
be confident and yes one common question was to describe abt you...--- this is importent... start from your family and education then strengths and weeknesses and see this is what they expect---> be confident and talk like professional...
communication and softskills are needed.. be +ve.
one more thing while filling the forms remember what you have filled.. this is also important.
rest best of luck.
And FINALLY I CANT MISS TO THANKS THE SITE USERS AND SPECIALY THE MODERATOR FOR PROVIDING ALL THE NECESSARY INFORMATION... THANKS A LOT..
I HAVE CLEARED ALL THE ROUNDS OF TCS ALSO AND WAITING POSITEVELY FOR THE RESULT..
I HAVE MADE IT TO HCL TECH NOIDA ALSO AND WAITING FOR THE FINAL TECH ROUND.
SATYAM
All Aptitude
1. get the correct arrangment of sentences.
i. This is.
ii.This is sentence with 4 references.
iii.This is to say that this sentence is a lonf sentence.
iv.This is not the last sentence of the paragraph.
v. The previous sentence to this is the longest sentence.
vi.This is first sentence of last paragraph.
vii.This refers to last sentence.
There were 2 more sentncs similar 2 this. For the correct soln look at the answers & get it. By lookin at the stmts u wont get anythin.
2. Somethin bout _a's,ii b's,ii c's.......i didnt get the question.
3. A third of this value is 1/2. What is the value.
Ans: 3/2
4. How to measure 4 l by using 5 l & 3 l vessels only.
Choices were 5 l - 520254 3 l - 032.....u will get it by lookin at answers.
5. there are 6 somethins...lets call it cups...holding 19,14,21,35,10,8 nails each. Joe and Jack bought 5 of them with Jack buying twice number of nails than Joe. How much did they buy.
Ans: Jack-21,35,10 Joe-19,14 U can get it by lookin at ans(again). Easy.
6. Truck is travellin at 60 kmph. Wat rate should car travel to be ahead of truck for 2 mins.
Choices were 72, 66.8, 90,.... Me thinks its 66.8. Not sure.
7. Ther are 10 red balls,6 white and 5 blue. How many balls should i pick to make sure that i have atleast 1 of each.
8. A horribly phrased & really long question bout base 3....If u do get it attempt it only if time permits.
9.Next 4 Very very easy.
Old code
BLUE SKY (or somethin)....most of my qs r not xact
1234 567
New Code
SKY BLUE
123 4567
A company initially had a code for keepin price secret(god knows why)....dat was old code. They felt it was time 2 change & adopted to new code.
Q: If LKY was old code...wat is correspondin new code
10. Refer above for a similar q
11.Again from the 8th one....somethin bout letters repeatin themselves.
12. If SUE was in old code & was overlooked during new code....wat will the price be if salesman does not change code. Again refer 8.
from 4 mostly can score easily.
13. There are 1 way routes from A to G, Mto H, A to F....(A, G etc are given as some place)
Which is the shortest route from A to F.
Ans: U dont even have to draw a graph. Just look at q & ans is urs.
14. A Fence was being erected by Jatin. The poles were to be 5 ft apart, but as Jatin(the fool that he is) forgot to bring 4 poles, he erected them 7 ft apart. The q is how much distance was the fence to cover.
Choice: 70 ft 92 ft 100 ft 75 ft....Ans: 70 ft.
15. A friend of my, a teacher, lives in a house. When i asked her address she told me that she lived in a street where her side had the houses marked successively with consecutive even house numbers. She told me that the block of 6 houses near her house on the same side had a total of the house numbers as 8790 & that her house had the lowest number among them. Wat was the number of her house.
Another easy one.
Following this was a gd. There were 5 topics
1. US war on iraq-justified or not.
2. Role of UN in peacekeeping.
3. Position of Women in India compared to other nations.
4. Environment MAnagement.
5. Is China better than India in software.
Ppl appearin for test: 828
PPl selected for gd: 300
Ppl selected for interviews: 142
Listen to 'Staind-So Far Away'....Nice Song
Written test: 15-qustion. 1-mark for right answer, 1/4 minus for every wrong answer.
I don't remember the questions exactly, but let me tell you.
1> e o e r e.... which is the next letter
2> A ship has a ladder which has 6 rungs. The first rung is 1 ft. above water. If tide rises 1 ft for every 15 min. How many rungs will be under water after 1 hr.
3> Red, blak hat like questions which requires damn horrible patince ton look in to the root of the problem and come up with answer. It was
from george summers.
4>Who is the billionaire among henry,everet..... Almost same question which was asked in infosys october 12th test.
5> mango, orange problem.... basically from R.S.Agrawal book.
6> Two qustions from CAT logical reasoning. The ones having 4 figures, we have to find the fifth. I was well prepared in that type. Most of the people got eliminated in these kind of problems only. One should be very carefull while answering such qeustions, b'coz you will find 2 figures which may look like right answers, but only one has the exact relationship with the previous 4 figures. So, you should be carefull in choosing such answers. I got them right.
7> Most of the rest were like george summers things, but modified perfectly. Like one of them tell you the exact truth, one sometimes tell you the truth, one lies. So, startr with which you see as wrong first. In my case I started with the thing which most others thought it to be wrong. I wrote that as answer. I got it right.
8> A nawab gets out at a railway station 2 earlier to his scheduled arrival. He walks at 3mph speed. At the same time, when he left railway station a cab left his house so as to reach the station just on time. He is walking towards his house. He got his cab on the way and reched his house 1 hr before what everybody thought it as his scheduled arrival. What is the distance between his house and railway station?
It is a very tricky railway station problem. Try to solve it. I will tell you the answer later.
* GROUP Discussion:
1> Environmental pollution whose responsibility is it? {topic given to me}
2> Computer is a female or male?
I remember only this much. One should have a good command over the language and the people around, then only he/she will be selected.
* HR-Tech interview:
It consists of HR-TEch both. A HR person and a tech engineer will be sitting together. Such 6 groups will be there. So, one need not wait for more. He/she may get any of these group. In tech interview tey will ask only about our project. Thatz very easy. simultaneously HR person will interfere{if you are cruising smoothly in tech. , as in my case}and he is the person who will put you under sea. You will feel like a fish put on road from water. It seems I did that one also perfectly. But, I should have put my percentage as 75+ in the resume which they provide there. They provide there own resume. So, I lost there in HR-Tech thing.
Few questions like:
" What is so special about software engineers?"
" If I give you a pen and make you to stand on top of this building and tell you too calculate the total height of this building how will you do it?"
" Tell me about your personal life"{ probably here also I failed. I told about my family and myself. I should has stressed more on my records"
satym paper 4
the selection procedure :
it includes 3 rounds: written+gd+Interview(hr+tech)
written test: 30 min test, 15Q's of analytical ability with -ve marking of 1/4 marks.I f u ans 6-7 Q's correctly, then u will hav high chances for qualifying,i met people who attempted 6-7 q's and i saw them thru. Barrons GMAT would be a great help for the aspirants.
GD:7-8 people in a group,they will allot 12-15 min.,for me it was 12 min. 10 min for citing views and 2min for conclusion.My topic was , " whether the brand name is a way of life or not?, the other topics were as follows:
India gifted the WorldCup toAustralia or not?
gd shud be the part of selection process..?
Follow the basic rules of gd and do hav a say in the conclusion.... and Please do not interfere!!!!!!! GD is the man elimination round for the Satyam..so B careful
HR+TECH: This is the easiest and the coolest part of the process..Basically Q's o ur Project and basics of C,C++ and Java.Most frequently asked Q's
Diff. b/w C++ & Java,conectivity of VB with Database,etc...
Note: IF u are unable to ans few Q's..say sorry..dont try to beat around the bush..I fu are not answering 2-3 Q's it does't mean..tht ur going to fail..while interiewing hey basically check ur comm. skills and confidence. so b confident.
PS: Satyam is going to recruit again next month..its a massive recrui. drive so oppur. is there..
____
Reg qp
1 q was on non verbal reasoning, 1 was on arrangement of sensences in the proper order n another was like arranging ppl based on their status starting from the richest based on some data given, 1 was on that grass problem usually asked in infy n 1 more q was like this.
A person arrives to the station 2 hr b4 schedule. the driver who was suppose to pick him up at the right time in the station leaves home to station so that he'll reach their occording to schedul.But that person calls home n leaves station walking home after hearing that the driver has left he travels some 3 miles n get into the car n reaches home 1 hr b4 schedule how long is his house frm station?
Old papers wont help. They gave different papers for different batches.
I can't recall questions n i strongly suggest u not to depend upon the questions previously asked nor their pattern.
Iam sure they won't repeat. B prepared for anything, stress on logical reasoning.
They have told that the technology and the place for reporting would be their choice.
There would be 2 years bond.
I attended the test on nov 1st n 2nd.
Test ,gd n interview along with the result will happen within 2 days.
some tips for GD
1.Be alert abt what others r talking take a chance to give ur opinion,b sure that u have a strong n sensible point to speak out.
2.Mostly ppl who initiate the talk r who conclude the talk will get through.
Make sure u r anaysing the ideas of ppl there so that u can give a conclusion,there is a chance that u might b particularly asked to conclude the discussion.
3.Be confident while u speak
4.Stick on the point which u r speaking( far r against) dont deviate from the topic.
5.Stick on to one side either far r against till u finish unless n untill u r asked to change the side.
6.Make frnds with ur grp mets know abt them(i mean their names) b4 goin.
7.dont rise ur voice unnessesarily(dont speak much with out giving others a chance)
Regarding interview
1.Dont show off too much
2.Dont indicate that u r desperately seeking a job (i mean over react)
3.Avoid wrong ans even if u dont know accept u dont know doesnt matter.
4.Make urself well versed in atleast 3 relevant subjects to the company, specify them as ur favo subjects when asked.
5.B confident while answering with a smile on ur face.
____
Reg qp
1 q was on non verbal reasoning, 1 was on arrangement of sensences in the proper order n another was like arranging ppl based on their status starting from the richest based on some data given, 1 was on that grass problem usually asked in infy n 1 more q was like this.
A person arrives to the station 2 hr b4 schedule. the driver who was suppose to pick him up at the right time in the station leaves home to station so that he'll reach their occording to schedul.But that person calls home n leaves station walking home after hearing that the driver has left he travels some 3 miles n get into the car n reaches home 1 hr b4 schedule how long is his house frm station?
Old papers wont help. They gave different papers for different batches.
I can't recall questions n i strongly suggest u not to depend upon the questions previously asked nor their pattern.
Iam sure they won't repeat. B prepared for anything, stress on logical reasoning.
They have told that the technology and the place for reporting would be their choice.
There would be 2 years bond.
I attended the test on nov 1st n 2nd.
Test ,gd n interview along with the result will happen within 2 days.
some tips for GD
1.Be alert abt what others r talking take a chance to give ur opinion,b sure that u have a strong n sensible point to speak out.
2.Mostly ppl who initiate the talk r who conclude the talk will get through.
Make sure u r anaysing the ideas of ppl there so that u can give a conclusion,there is a chance that u might b particularly asked to conclude the discussion.
3.Be confident while u speak
4.Stick on the point which u r speaking( far r against) dont deviate from the topic.
5.Stick on to one side either far r against till u finish unless n untill u r asked to change the side.
6.Make frnds with ur grp mets know abt them(i mean their names) b4 goin.
7.dont rise ur voice unnessesarily(dont speak much with out giving others a chance)
Regarding interview
1.Dont show off too much
2.Dont indicate that u r desperately seeking a job (i mean over react)
3.Avoid wrong ans even if u dont know accept u dont know doesnt matter.
4.Make urself well versed in atleast 3 relevant subjects to the company, specify them as ur favo subjects when asked.
5.B confident while answering with a smile on ur face.
hello friends
i appered for satayam test on 15th nov, paper is same as has been
sent by some persons,
it was 15 qestions to be done in 30 min. in gd we were given topic
effect of
movies on youth.
remember one thing its not that those who start the gd always get
through.
in our batch one person started the gd by saying that we should not
waste time,
speek one by one etc etc but he didnot come to the point for long,
i asked him not to waste time and come to the point.
in gd try to express urself as if ur the leader. kepp saying,
ya very true , thats the good point etc.
i cleared the gd but could not clear interwiev,
qestions were
1) if u can convince me why i shoula take u in satyam ur will be in
satyam,
i gave the ans and then he asked
2)do u think that its enough for me to take u in satyam,
i said its upto u , but i should have given a better answere ,
3ione qestion was
if u have to meaasure the height of building without tape what will u
do.
ans1 i know my heaght my sahdow , i aill se how many my shadows make
the
shadow of bulding and heght can be calculated with raion
he asked what in noon.
ans2 drop a coin from top note the time
or alternative
ans3 marke ur height on the boundery wall, measure the angle of
elevation from boundery wall
thaen measure the angle of elevation from the bulding, apply the ight
anlge tringle ratio.
one more qestion that they asked from one another person
why manholes are round
ans because a circle canot fall inside the circle, if it would have
been suare or rectangle
it may fall inside the manhole wfile opening it ,
friends i was not prepared for hr qestions thats the major drawback,
for interwievs always prepare all the qestions for hr nefore hand ,
dont think that u will think about them inside , prepare them
thouroughly.
_
frnds i got in Satyam finally
don't think that this is out of a single day work really its veryhard to get thru once u go for half campus .riding was not that smooth 4 me
it started in DEC 2003 the haunt 4 companies (thou i am 2004 pass out)
1)Soliton automation did not get thru written test
2)Reliance did not get thru written test
3)SCM did not get thru written test
4)Amoeba telecom got thru apti then technical (oops!!!!)
5)Infosys did not get thru written test
6)HP did not write the written test itself
7)i-nautix did not write the written test itself
8)Oracle did not write the written test itself
9)Hexa ware got thru apti ,G.D but messed up in interview
10)Sasken did not get thru written test itself
11)Wipro clrd apti ,but failed to get htru interview
12)HExaware took up the test again but hten i did not clr even apti this time
13)CTS did notget thru the written test itself
Finally SATYAM
may be considered as dawn of my future finally i got htru this one
so frnds keep trying .never give up set u r mind strong and keep working u 'll succeed one day or other keepp waiting
and reg satyam
written test is easy 15 ques ,30 mins
some apti ,1 graphical que ,2 english oriented ,1 logical all r easy to clr
then G.D. topics r easy better concentrate on wat u say it doesn't mean that u need to initiate or conclude but be clear in wat u state and if possible initiate some if they didn't open thi\eir mouth
interview 4 me it was abt 40 mins
they posed some ques reg C C++ from my subj (ECE) abt waves(as i said i am interested in communication)
then they tested how u handle problems and u r problem tackling capability
they ask wats ur career plans and pose some que on that also
so try out u r luck only 4 me it lasted 4 40 mins some others only 10 mins .
keep trying if u have any query ask me i'll do all possible things to help
There were many queries regarding satyam.I am giving u all the details.I applied thro many ID'sBut the main one is talent_search@satyam.com.There is no employee referral scheme.The resumes are selected based on the percentages secured by the people.The cut off percentage for selection is 70% and above.The selection procedure consists of 3 rounds
1.Written test(Quantitative and Logical reasoning)15 questions to be answered in 30 minutes.Negative marking is there.So dont blindly guess.Cut off to clear the written test is 9 or 10.
2.Group Discussion(Main elimination round)Many info and tips are given in this group.The main thing that they look in for is communication skills,body language.Plz follow the GD rules.Say atleast 2 or 3 strong points,dont deviate from the topic,take initiative to summarize the points finally.
3.Technical and HR interview:Not much grillling on the technical side.Mostly subject related topics and some questions on C,C++,Java.Mostly the interview panel will consists of 2 to 3 people.They are very cordial.They mainly check in for ur confidence level,communication skill,eye contact,body language etc.In case if u dont know the answers,tell them sorry i dont know.HR interview is very cool.Questions like
Tell me about urself
Ur Career aspirations
Why u want to join Satyam
Are u ready to sign a bond for 2 yrs and willing to relocate.
Clearing the interview is very easy.Be cool and confident.Dont panic.
In my batch nearly 1500 people appeared for the tests,448 were shortlisted for the GD,152 were shortlisted for the interview and finally they selected 82 people.
Well friends i have given all the info and my experiences.Hope it is helpful to all of u.
Self Confidence,Positive attitude in life and faith in god are the keys for success.I would like to end my mail with a few Quotes...
Nobody is a total failure if he dares to try to do something worthwhile.
The one battle most people lose is the battle over the fear of Failure...
The selection process consisted of a written test, a gd and a technical+HR interview.
Out of 1900 Candidates who wrote the test approx 800 got shortlisted for the GD.and after the GD approx 270 candidates got shortlisted. The GD is the main elimination round in SATYAM.After the Interview finally they have selected 159 candidates. I am really happy to say that I am one of the 159 candidates.
THe Written test consisted of 2 analytical questions, A few questions on general aptitude and questions like completing the series.I had attempted 13 questions of the total 15 questions.There is also negative marking.(1/4)
My GD Topic was IMPACt of Western culture on Indian Youth.
Some of the other GD topics were:
1 IS GD necessary for the elimination process
2 Who is responsible for the protection of the environment
3 VAlues in an IT Industry
4 What should be the retirement age of politicians
5 Should India play Against PAK?
the interview is mixture of both technical+HR.They mainly concentrate on Project. Some other questions to me were on Oracle.
I had failed to clear the written tests of Infosys,TCS,Ivega,Globaledge soft.
I had cleared the test and GD in Accenture but failed to clear the interview. I had also cleared the test in Ocwen but they failed to announce the results of the 2nd round.
I would like to just say that failures are really a part of life & EACH ONE OF US will definitely acheive our goal.
______
I took the satyam GD test on Aug 22nd. Few of the
topics that were covered are:
1.Is China a threat to the indian software industry.
2.Role of UN in Peace keeping
3.War on Iraq
4.About Hockey being the primary game in India.
it includes 3 rounds: written+gd+Interview(hr+tech)
written test: 30 min test, 15Q's of analytical ability with -ve marking of 1/4 marks.I f u ans 6-7 Q's correctly, then u will hav high chances for qualifying,i met people who attempted 6-7 q's and i saw them thru. Barrons GMAT would be a great help for the aspirants.
GD:7-8 people in a group,they will allot 12-15 min.,for me it was 12 min. 10 min for citing views and 2min for conclusion.My topic was , " whether the brand name is a way of life or not?, the other topics were as follows:
India gifted the WorldCup toAustralia or not?
gd shud be the part of selection process..?
Follow the basic rules of gd and do hav a say in the conclusion.... and Please do not interfere!!!!!!! GD is the man elimination round for the Satyam..so B careful
HR+TECH: This is the easiest and the coolest part of the process..Basically Q's o ur Project and basics of C,C++ and Java.Most frequently asked Q's
Diff. b/w C++ & Java,conectivity of VB with Database,etc...
Note: IF u are unable to ans few Q's..say sorry..dont try to beat around the bush..I fu are not answering 2-3 Q's it does't mean..tht ur going to fail..while interiewing hey basically check ur comm. skills and confidence. so b confident.
PS: Satyam is going to recruit again next month..its a massive recrui. drive so oppur. is there..
____
Reg qp
1 q was on non verbal reasoning, 1 was on arrangement of sensences in the proper order n another was like arranging ppl based on their status starting from the richest based on some data given, 1 was on that grass problem usually asked in infy n 1 more q was like this.
A person arrives to the station 2 hr b4 schedule. the driver who was suppose to pick him up at the right time in the station leaves home to station so that he'll reach their occording to schedul.But that person calls home n leaves station walking home after hearing that the driver has left he travels some 3 miles n get into the car n reaches home 1 hr b4 schedule how long is his house frm station?
Old papers wont help. They gave different papers for different batches.
I can't recall questions n i strongly suggest u not to depend upon the questions previously asked nor their pattern.
Iam sure they won't repeat. B prepared for anything, stress on logical reasoning.
They have told that the technology and the place for reporting would be their choice.
There would be 2 years bond.
I attended the test on nov 1st n 2nd.
Test ,gd n interview along with the result will happen within 2 days.
some tips for GD
1.Be alert abt what others r talking take a chance to give ur opinion,b sure that u have a strong n sensible point to speak out.
2.Mostly ppl who initiate the talk r who conclude the talk will get through.
Make sure u r anaysing the ideas of ppl there so that u can give a conclusion,there is a chance that u might b particularly asked to conclude the discussion.
3.Be confident while u speak
4.Stick on the point which u r speaking( far r against) dont deviate from the topic.
5.Stick on to one side either far r against till u finish unless n untill u r asked to change the side.
6.Make frnds with ur grp mets know abt them(i mean their names) b4 goin.
7.dont rise ur voice unnessesarily(dont speak much with out giving others a chance)
Regarding interview
1.Dont show off too much
2.Dont indicate that u r desperately seeking a job (i mean over react)
3.Avoid wrong ans even if u dont know accept u dont know doesnt matter.
4.Make urself well versed in atleast 3 relevant subjects to the company, specify them as ur favo subjects when asked.
5.B confident while answering with a smile on ur face.
____
Reg qp
1 q was on non verbal reasoning, 1 was on arrangement of sensences in the proper order n another was like arranging ppl based on their status starting from the richest based on some data given, 1 was on that grass problem usually asked in infy n 1 more q was like this.
A person arrives to the station 2 hr b4 schedule. the driver who was suppose to pick him up at the right time in the station leaves home to station so that he'll reach their occording to schedul.But that person calls home n leaves station walking home after hearing that the driver has left he travels some 3 miles n get into the car n reaches home 1 hr b4 schedule how long is his house frm station?
Old papers wont help. They gave different papers for different batches.
I can't recall questions n i strongly suggest u not to depend upon the questions previously asked nor their pattern.
Iam sure they won't repeat. B prepared for anything, stress on logical reasoning.
They have told that the technology and the place for reporting would be their choice.
There would be 2 years bond.
I attended the test on nov 1st n 2nd.
Test ,gd n interview along with the result will happen within 2 days.
some tips for GD
1.Be alert abt what others r talking take a chance to give ur opinion,b sure that u have a strong n sensible point to speak out.
2.Mostly ppl who initiate the talk r who conclude the talk will get through.
Make sure u r anaysing the ideas of ppl there so that u can give a conclusion,there is a chance that u might b particularly asked to conclude the discussion.
3.Be confident while u speak
4.Stick on the point which u r speaking( far r against) dont deviate from the topic.
5.Stick on to one side either far r against till u finish unless n untill u r asked to change the side.
6.Make frnds with ur grp mets know abt them(i mean their names) b4 goin.
7.dont rise ur voice unnessesarily(dont speak much with out giving others a chance)
Regarding interview
1.Dont show off too much
2.Dont indicate that u r desperately seeking a job (i mean over react)
3.Avoid wrong ans even if u dont know accept u dont know doesnt matter.
4.Make urself well versed in atleast 3 relevant subjects to the company, specify them as ur favo subjects when asked.
5.B confident while answering with a smile on ur face.
hello friends
i appered for satayam test on 15th nov, paper is same as has been
sent by some persons,
it was 15 qestions to be done in 30 min. in gd we were given topic
effect of
movies on youth.
remember one thing its not that those who start the gd always get
through.
in our batch one person started the gd by saying that we should not
waste time,
speek one by one etc etc but he didnot come to the point for long,
i asked him not to waste time and come to the point.
in gd try to express urself as if ur the leader. kepp saying,
ya very true , thats the good point etc.
i cleared the gd but could not clear interwiev,
qestions were
1) if u can convince me why i shoula take u in satyam ur will be in
satyam,
i gave the ans and then he asked
2)do u think that its enough for me to take u in satyam,
i said its upto u , but i should have given a better answere ,
3ione qestion was
if u have to meaasure the height of building without tape what will u
do.
ans1 i know my heaght my sahdow , i aill se how many my shadows make
the
shadow of bulding and heght can be calculated with raion
he asked what in noon.
ans2 drop a coin from top note the time
or alternative
ans3 marke ur height on the boundery wall, measure the angle of
elevation from boundery wall
thaen measure the angle of elevation from the bulding, apply the ight
anlge tringle ratio.
one more qestion that they asked from one another person
why manholes are round
ans because a circle canot fall inside the circle, if it would have
been suare or rectangle
it may fall inside the manhole wfile opening it ,
friends i was not prepared for hr qestions thats the major drawback,
for interwievs always prepare all the qestions for hr nefore hand ,
dont think that u will think about them inside , prepare them
thouroughly.
_
frnds i got in Satyam finally
don't think that this is out of a single day work really its veryhard to get thru once u go for half campus .riding was not that smooth 4 me
it started in DEC 2003 the haunt 4 companies (thou i am 2004 pass out)
1)Soliton automation did not get thru written test
2)Reliance did not get thru written test
3)SCM did not get thru written test
4)Amoeba telecom got thru apti then technical (oops!!!!)
5)Infosys did not get thru written test
6)HP did not write the written test itself
7)i-nautix did not write the written test itself
8)Oracle did not write the written test itself
9)Hexa ware got thru apti ,G.D but messed up in interview
10)Sasken did not get thru written test itself
11)Wipro clrd apti ,but failed to get htru interview
12)HExaware took up the test again but hten i did not clr even apti this time
13)CTS did notget thru the written test itself
Finally SATYAM
may be considered as dawn of my future finally i got htru this one
so frnds keep trying .never give up set u r mind strong and keep working u 'll succeed one day or other keepp waiting
and reg satyam
written test is easy 15 ques ,30 mins
some apti ,1 graphical que ,2 english oriented ,1 logical all r easy to clr
then G.D. topics r easy better concentrate on wat u say it doesn't mean that u need to initiate or conclude but be clear in wat u state and if possible initiate some if they didn't open thi\eir mouth
interview 4 me it was abt 40 mins
they posed some ques reg C C++ from my subj (ECE) abt waves(as i said i am interested in communication)
then they tested how u handle problems and u r problem tackling capability
they ask wats ur career plans and pose some que on that also
so try out u r luck only 4 me it lasted 4 40 mins some others only 10 mins .
keep trying if u have any query ask me i'll do all possible things to help
There were many queries regarding satyam.I am giving u all the details.I applied thro many ID'sBut the main one is talent_search@satyam.com.There is no employee referral scheme.The resumes are selected based on the percentages secured by the people.The cut off percentage for selection is 70% and above.The selection procedure consists of 3 rounds
1.Written test(Quantitative and Logical reasoning)15 questions to be answered in 30 minutes.Negative marking is there.So dont blindly guess.Cut off to clear the written test is 9 or 10.
2.Group Discussion(Main elimination round)Many info and tips are given in this group.The main thing that they look in for is communication skills,body language.Plz follow the GD rules.Say atleast 2 or 3 strong points,dont deviate from the topic,take initiative to summarize the points finally.
3.Technical and HR interview:Not much grillling on the technical side.Mostly subject related topics and some questions on C,C++,Java.Mostly the interview panel will consists of 2 to 3 people.They are very cordial.They mainly check in for ur confidence level,communication skill,eye contact,body language etc.In case if u dont know the answers,tell them sorry i dont know.HR interview is very cool.Questions like
Tell me about urself
Ur Career aspirations
Why u want to join Satyam
Are u ready to sign a bond for 2 yrs and willing to relocate.
Clearing the interview is very easy.Be cool and confident.Dont panic.
In my batch nearly 1500 people appeared for the tests,448 were shortlisted for the GD,152 were shortlisted for the interview and finally they selected 82 people.
Well friends i have given all the info and my experiences.Hope it is helpful to all of u.
Self Confidence,Positive attitude in life and faith in god are the keys for success.I would like to end my mail with a few Quotes...
Nobody is a total failure if he dares to try to do something worthwhile.
The one battle most people lose is the battle over the fear of Failure...
The selection process consisted of a written test, a gd and a technical+HR interview.
Out of 1900 Candidates who wrote the test approx 800 got shortlisted for the GD.and after the GD approx 270 candidates got shortlisted. The GD is the main elimination round in SATYAM.After the Interview finally they have selected 159 candidates. I am really happy to say that I am one of the 159 candidates.
THe Written test consisted of 2 analytical questions, A few questions on general aptitude and questions like completing the series.I had attempted 13 questions of the total 15 questions.There is also negative marking.(1/4)
My GD Topic was IMPACt of Western culture on Indian Youth.
Some of the other GD topics were:
1 IS GD necessary for the elimination process
2 Who is responsible for the protection of the environment
3 VAlues in an IT Industry
4 What should be the retirement age of politicians
5 Should India play Against PAK?
the interview is mixture of both technical+HR.They mainly concentrate on Project. Some other questions to me were on Oracle.
I had failed to clear the written tests of Infosys,TCS,Ivega,Globaledge soft.
I had cleared the test and GD in Accenture but failed to clear the interview. I had also cleared the test in Ocwen but they failed to announce the results of the 2nd round.
I would like to just say that failures are really a part of life & EACH ONE OF US will definitely acheive our goal.
______
I took the satyam GD test on Aug 22nd. Few of the
topics that were covered are:
1.Is China a threat to the indian software industry.
2.Role of UN in Peace keeping
3.War on Iraq
4.About Hockey being the primary game in India.
satym paper 3
__________
Questions:
1) For this question take
A-1,B-2,C-3..........X-24,Y-25,Z-26.
Edwin is a judge and a numerologist.He is married to
a woman whose name:
a) has a "product" that is the same as that for
JUDGE:using the correspondence of letters and numbers
above, this product is 10*21*4*7*5.
b)has no letter in common with JUDGE.
c)Has no third letter of the alphabet because 3 is his
unlucky number.
d)Has letters in alphabetical order when the first
letter and second letter are interchanged.
What is the name of the judge's wife?
2) The owner of the house has been murdered. The
visitors to the mansion were Allen,bixby and Crain.
a) The murderer ,who was one of the three visitors
,arrived at the mansion later than atleast one of the
other two visitors.
b)A detective,who was one of the three
visitors,arrived at the mansion earlier than atleast
one of the other two visitors
c)The detective arrived at the mansion at midnight.
d)Neither Allen nor Bixby arrive at the mansion after
midnight
e)the earlier arriver of Bixby and crain wasnot the
detective
f)the later arriver of allen and crain was not the
murderer
Who was the murderer?
3) some farm tools and farm equipments have been
stolen..3 farm workers were interrogated..Each one
makes 2 statements.(i dont remember the statements)One
of the statements made by each of them is right while
the other is wrong. We have to tell who stole them.
4) There is 4-digit number..the second digit is 2 more
than the first..the last digit is five more than the
third..something like this..it is very simple..jus
have to go from the choices given..
5)
A D
B G E
C F
Each of seven digits from 0,1,2,3...8,9 is :
a) represented by a different letter in the figure
above.
b) positioned in the figure above so that A*B*C, B*G*E
and D*E*F are equal.
Which digit does G represent?
6) Given the names of four persons..and also given
that one is taller than the other but shorter than
someone else..statements like these..we have to find
who is the shortest..
7) A man is walking inside the tunnel AB. when he is
3/8th of the distance from A, he hears a train coming
from behind him..he sees that when he moves towards B,
the train just catches him at B, and similar logic if
he tried to reach A..the man walks at a steady rate of
8m/h..what is the speed of the train?
8)Fifty minutes ago if it was four times as many
minutes past four o clock, how many minutes is it to
six o clock?
9) a simple problem related to ages..
10) There are 5 dacoits who have together stolen some
gold coins..they stay at a place for the night hiding
the bounty safely...When evreyone's asleep, one of the
dacoits wakes up, takes 1/5th of the bounty plus one
for himself..the rest he puts back in the bag and goes
to sleep..the next dacoit wakes up, does the same
thing,ie takes 1/5th of the remaining bounty plus one
for himself, puts the rest back and goes to sleep..the
third,fourth and fifth dacoits do the same thing..in
the morning, they all wake up and divide the bounty
equally among them..how may coins were there
originally? The key to this question is to proceed
from the options..see which number leaves a remainder
1 when divided by 5 four times continuously and the
fifth time divides it exactly.
The rest 5 quests i dont remember....Quests 1,2 and 5
have been lifted straight out of Puzzles' by George
Summers..8 is from Shakuntala Devi..
Dont attempt the questions u r not confident of..
The GD round is said to be the Main elimination round
in Satyam..The topic we were given was "US war on
Iraq"..Some other topics could be "environmental
pollution", "Indian Hockey" etc.
The interview consisted of both technical and HR
questions..Expect questions from ur project..and brush
up the subjects in ur major..
CSE- majors were asked on DBMS, a bit of networking,
Object Orientation concepts.etc..
____
Lot of people were asking me abt online test.
I didn't have any such test.I'll try to find out if they've changed the pattern and inform you guys.
I'm from JNTU Kakinada.We had a Campus test conducted by Satyam for about 5-6 colleges at Hyderabad on 31 May.
There were 4 phases in toto:
Written test(flow charts etc>> very easy..almost every one got thru)
The written test mostly comprised of simple flow charts.There were 30 q's and 30 mins. There were about 10 q's from arithmetic..One question was
there is enough food stocks for 30 people to last for 30 days..5 people left after 5 days and 10 joined after 5 more days.For How many days will the stocks last?
GD
Technical Interview
Personal Interview
Later parts of elimination were tough.People were eliminated even in the fourth phase.Hope this info would be helpful.
_____
The recruitment process consisted of 3 rounds.
1. Written test
2. Group Discussion
3. Interview
1. Written test was of 30 minutes, 15 questions. +1 or
-1/4 (negative correction was there)
The paper was of Logical Aptitude
Some questions were very easy like-
one-third of a number is also half. (Ans.3/2)
arranging the sentences in a sequence.
counting the number of a's, b's, i's etc in a sentence
decoding the codes.(some numbers and corresponding
letters for them will be given - very easy - new code
and old codes will be there)
5 ltr and 3 ltr, will be there 4 ltr has to be
weighed.
Some questions were confusing. Don't attempt the
questions if u r not sure.
I think for this paper, you can't have a book to
refer. It depends on how u analyse the questions at
that time. Be cool, don't get tensed.
2.Group Discussion for those who clear the test.
I got the topic-"Why is Indian Hockey limping"
You have to speak and tell something different(
hightlight a point which is not made by other members
of the group). I think they see leadership quality,
Taking Initiative etc.
I came to know the two other topics, which were -
"UN's peace activities" and "America's war on Iraq".
If u clear this round u will move on to interview.
3. It consists of HR and technical interview.- both
will be held at the same time by two people
In HR interview they ask questions like - tell about
yourself, your parents, brothers, sisters. why should
I recruit u?, What r your interests, hobbies-quesitons
on that.
In technical interview I was asked questions on -
circular linked list, OOPs features(encapsulation,
inheritance etc.), How a C program will be executed?
(First preprocessing, compiling etc.), Difference
between Java and C++, about bite code, threads and
process, applets, Virtual functions, abstract class,
public, private, protected, etc.
I heard that some people were asked questions on
DBMS, microprocessors, C, OS
Questions on your project.
While answering be confident, if don't know the answer
admit frankly.
__
This is prasad here.. I have attended Satyam test, GD.
There will be 15 questions I am really sorry, i didnot remember the questions, but i do remeber the GD topics. hope this will help u.. its very easy to clear the test. 2 questions on ven diagram, one time and work question, 2 english verbal, 3 analytical reasoning, 3 on number series and so on.
GD topics.
1) Is it necessary to ban COCOCOLA in India.
2) What is the effect of movies on youth.(is it good or bad)
3) Are studies more benifitial in India or in Abroad.
My topic was the third one.
TOTALLY AROUND 3000 CANDIDATES APPEARED AND 824 GOT
THROUGH IST ROUND WHICH IS 30 MINUTES WRITTEN TEST AND
WHERE U NEED TO ANSWER 15 QUESTIONS WHICH IS A MIXTURE
OF VERBAL, NON-VERBAL AND ANALYTIC QUESTIONS.
So FOR THESE U NEED TO GET THROUGH BOOKS LIKE
AGGRWAL,GRE BARON...
NEXT FROM THIS 384 CLEARED GD,AND HERE R SOME TIPS...
U NEED TO EITHER INITIATE THE TALK,OR CONCLUDE IT,OR
ADD EXTRA DURING CONCLUSION IN FAVOUR OF IT.
U NEED TO KEEP NODDING UR HEAD AND BEHAVE AS IF U R A
CEO OF THE COMPANY AND U R TAKING A MEETING TO UR
EMPLOYEES.
BE CONFIDANT ,CHANGE FACIAL EXPRESSIONS SOMETIMES
SMILING AND SOMETIMES SERIOUS....
MAKE SOME STRONG POINTS AND WHILE MAKING BE SURE THAT
IT IS HEARD BY THE EXAMINER AND OTHERS SHUT THEIR
MOUTH(AS IF U R A CEO).
MY TOPIC WAS "BALANCE BETWEEN PROFESSIONALISM AND
FAMILY".I WAS THE INITIATOR MADE 3 STRONG POINTS AND
ADDED AND MADE CONCLUSION MORE EFFECITVE...
SOMETIMES U NEED TO SAY..HEY!!WHY R U MUM BY LOOKING
AT HIM/HER AND ASKING HIM/HER EVEN TO INVOLVE....
AND MANY TOPICS LIKE WHETHER GD IS REQUIRED /NOT,ETC
WHERE ASKED.
FINALLY 159 GOT SELECTED IN THE INTERVIEW..
AND THE QUESTIONS LIKE TELLME ABT URSELF,WHY U PREFER
SATYAM,UR ROLE IN PROJECT,ETC WHERE ASKED..
AND SOME TECHNICAL QUESTIONS LIKE DIFF. BETWEEN
C++,JAVA,OOPS ,RDBMS,ETC .AND BASIC QUESTIONS FROM THE
RESPECTIVE BRANCHES WHERE ASKED...
____
There were 3 rounds
1st-Logical reasoning aptitute test(15 questions 30 min)
2nd-Group discussion(10 min)
3rd-Technical cum hr interview(half an hr)
Logical reasoning had few puzzles like infy with ans,some analytical questions,non verbal reasoning.+1 for correct ans and -1/4 for wrong ans.
Group disscussion topic
For us he asked us to suggest a topic for GD some gal suggested this topic"shoud GD b a part of selection process r not" and we were given that topic to speak. we got 2 min to collect our ideas n then started to speak.HR just was pretending as if he is not hearing to us .But no body took it for granted n were alert in their talk.
I along with another guy spoke against it.
6 others spoke for it.
Some other topic was like"should sonia gandhi b made a PM or not?"
Regarding Interview, many were asked to explain their project n also some questions on C n C++.
But i was asked some questions on antennas,transmission lines, digital circuits and CCN .
I answered most of them but did not answer 2 or 3 .They just said no problem n were ok with it.
Questions:
1) For this question take
A-1,B-2,C-3..........X-24,Y-25,Z-26.
Edwin is a judge and a numerologist.He is married to
a woman whose name:
a) has a "product" that is the same as that for
JUDGE:using the correspondence of letters and numbers
above, this product is 10*21*4*7*5.
b)has no letter in common with JUDGE.
c)Has no third letter of the alphabet because 3 is his
unlucky number.
d)Has letters in alphabetical order when the first
letter and second letter are interchanged.
What is the name of the judge's wife?
2) The owner of the house has been murdered. The
visitors to the mansion were Allen,bixby and Crain.
a) The murderer ,who was one of the three visitors
,arrived at the mansion later than atleast one of the
other two visitors.
b)A detective,who was one of the three
visitors,arrived at the mansion earlier than atleast
one of the other two visitors
c)The detective arrived at the mansion at midnight.
d)Neither Allen nor Bixby arrive at the mansion after
midnight
e)the earlier arriver of Bixby and crain wasnot the
detective
f)the later arriver of allen and crain was not the
murderer
Who was the murderer?
3) some farm tools and farm equipments have been
stolen..3 farm workers were interrogated..Each one
makes 2 statements.(i dont remember the statements)One
of the statements made by each of them is right while
the other is wrong. We have to tell who stole them.
4) There is 4-digit number..the second digit is 2 more
than the first..the last digit is five more than the
third..something like this..it is very simple..jus
have to go from the choices given..
5)
A D
B G E
C F
Each of seven digits from 0,1,2,3...8,9 is :
a) represented by a different letter in the figure
above.
b) positioned in the figure above so that A*B*C, B*G*E
and D*E*F are equal.
Which digit does G represent?
6) Given the names of four persons..and also given
that one is taller than the other but shorter than
someone else..statements like these..we have to find
who is the shortest..
7) A man is walking inside the tunnel AB. when he is
3/8th of the distance from A, he hears a train coming
from behind him..he sees that when he moves towards B,
the train just catches him at B, and similar logic if
he tried to reach A..the man walks at a steady rate of
8m/h..what is the speed of the train?
8)Fifty minutes ago if it was four times as many
minutes past four o clock, how many minutes is it to
six o clock?
9) a simple problem related to ages..
10) There are 5 dacoits who have together stolen some
gold coins..they stay at a place for the night hiding
the bounty safely...When evreyone's asleep, one of the
dacoits wakes up, takes 1/5th of the bounty plus one
for himself..the rest he puts back in the bag and goes
to sleep..the next dacoit wakes up, does the same
thing,ie takes 1/5th of the remaining bounty plus one
for himself, puts the rest back and goes to sleep..the
third,fourth and fifth dacoits do the same thing..in
the morning, they all wake up and divide the bounty
equally among them..how may coins were there
originally? The key to this question is to proceed
from the options..see which number leaves a remainder
1 when divided by 5 four times continuously and the
fifth time divides it exactly.
The rest 5 quests i dont remember....Quests 1,2 and 5
have been lifted straight out of Puzzles' by George
Summers..8 is from Shakuntala Devi..
Dont attempt the questions u r not confident of..
The GD round is said to be the Main elimination round
in Satyam..The topic we were given was "US war on
Iraq"..Some other topics could be "environmental
pollution", "Indian Hockey" etc.
The interview consisted of both technical and HR
questions..Expect questions from ur project..and brush
up the subjects in ur major..
CSE- majors were asked on DBMS, a bit of networking,
Object Orientation concepts.etc..
____
Lot of people were asking me abt online test.
I didn't have any such test.I'll try to find out if they've changed the pattern and inform you guys.
I'm from JNTU Kakinada.We had a Campus test conducted by Satyam for about 5-6 colleges at Hyderabad on 31 May.
There were 4 phases in toto:
Written test(flow charts etc>> very easy..almost every one got thru)
The written test mostly comprised of simple flow charts.There were 30 q's and 30 mins. There were about 10 q's from arithmetic..One question was
there is enough food stocks for 30 people to last for 30 days..5 people left after 5 days and 10 joined after 5 more days.For How many days will the stocks last?
GD
Technical Interview
Personal Interview
Later parts of elimination were tough.People were eliminated even in the fourth phase.Hope this info would be helpful.
_____
The recruitment process consisted of 3 rounds.
1. Written test
2. Group Discussion
3. Interview
1. Written test was of 30 minutes, 15 questions. +1 or
-1/4 (negative correction was there)
The paper was of Logical Aptitude
Some questions were very easy like-
one-third of a number is also half. (Ans.3/2)
arranging the sentences in a sequence.
counting the number of a's, b's, i's etc in a sentence
decoding the codes.(some numbers and corresponding
letters for them will be given - very easy - new code
and old codes will be there)
5 ltr and 3 ltr, will be there 4 ltr has to be
weighed.
Some questions were confusing. Don't attempt the
questions if u r not sure.
I think for this paper, you can't have a book to
refer. It depends on how u analyse the questions at
that time. Be cool, don't get tensed.
2.Group Discussion for those who clear the test.
I got the topic-"Why is Indian Hockey limping"
You have to speak and tell something different(
hightlight a point which is not made by other members
of the group). I think they see leadership quality,
Taking Initiative etc.
I came to know the two other topics, which were -
"UN's peace activities" and "America's war on Iraq".
If u clear this round u will move on to interview.
3. It consists of HR and technical interview.- both
will be held at the same time by two people
In HR interview they ask questions like - tell about
yourself, your parents, brothers, sisters. why should
I recruit u?, What r your interests, hobbies-quesitons
on that.
In technical interview I was asked questions on -
circular linked list, OOPs features(encapsulation,
inheritance etc.), How a C program will be executed?
(First preprocessing, compiling etc.), Difference
between Java and C++, about bite code, threads and
process, applets, Virtual functions, abstract class,
public, private, protected, etc.
I heard that some people were asked questions on
DBMS, microprocessors, C, OS
Questions on your project.
While answering be confident, if don't know the answer
admit frankly.
__
This is prasad here.. I have attended Satyam test, GD.
There will be 15 questions I am really sorry, i didnot remember the questions, but i do remeber the GD topics. hope this will help u.. its very easy to clear the test. 2 questions on ven diagram, one time and work question, 2 english verbal, 3 analytical reasoning, 3 on number series and so on.
GD topics.
1) Is it necessary to ban COCOCOLA in India.
2) What is the effect of movies on youth.(is it good or bad)
3) Are studies more benifitial in India or in Abroad.
My topic was the third one.
TOTALLY AROUND 3000 CANDIDATES APPEARED AND 824 GOT
THROUGH IST ROUND WHICH IS 30 MINUTES WRITTEN TEST AND
WHERE U NEED TO ANSWER 15 QUESTIONS WHICH IS A MIXTURE
OF VERBAL, NON-VERBAL AND ANALYTIC QUESTIONS.
So FOR THESE U NEED TO GET THROUGH BOOKS LIKE
AGGRWAL,GRE BARON...
NEXT FROM THIS 384 CLEARED GD,AND HERE R SOME TIPS...
U NEED TO EITHER INITIATE THE TALK,OR CONCLUDE IT,OR
ADD EXTRA DURING CONCLUSION IN FAVOUR OF IT.
U NEED TO KEEP NODDING UR HEAD AND BEHAVE AS IF U R A
CEO OF THE COMPANY AND U R TAKING A MEETING TO UR
EMPLOYEES.
BE CONFIDANT ,CHANGE FACIAL EXPRESSIONS SOMETIMES
SMILING AND SOMETIMES SERIOUS....
MAKE SOME STRONG POINTS AND WHILE MAKING BE SURE THAT
IT IS HEARD BY THE EXAMINER AND OTHERS SHUT THEIR
MOUTH(AS IF U R A CEO).
MY TOPIC WAS "BALANCE BETWEEN PROFESSIONALISM AND
FAMILY".I WAS THE INITIATOR MADE 3 STRONG POINTS AND
ADDED AND MADE CONCLUSION MORE EFFECITVE...
SOMETIMES U NEED TO SAY..HEY!!WHY R U MUM BY LOOKING
AT HIM/HER AND ASKING HIM/HER EVEN TO INVOLVE....
AND MANY TOPICS LIKE WHETHER GD IS REQUIRED /NOT,ETC
WHERE ASKED.
FINALLY 159 GOT SELECTED IN THE INTERVIEW..
AND THE QUESTIONS LIKE TELLME ABT URSELF,WHY U PREFER
SATYAM,UR ROLE IN PROJECT,ETC WHERE ASKED..
AND SOME TECHNICAL QUESTIONS LIKE DIFF. BETWEEN
C++,JAVA,OOPS ,RDBMS,ETC .AND BASIC QUESTIONS FROM THE
RESPECTIVE BRANCHES WHERE ASKED...
____
There were 3 rounds
1st-Logical reasoning aptitute test(15 questions 30 min)
2nd-Group discussion(10 min)
3rd-Technical cum hr interview(half an hr)
Logical reasoning had few puzzles like infy with ans,some analytical questions,non verbal reasoning.+1 for correct ans and -1/4 for wrong ans.
Group disscussion topic
For us he asked us to suggest a topic for GD some gal suggested this topic"shoud GD b a part of selection process r not" and we were given that topic to speak. we got 2 min to collect our ideas n then started to speak.HR just was pretending as if he is not hearing to us .But no body took it for granted n were alert in their talk.
I along with another guy spoke against it.
6 others spoke for it.
Some other topic was like"should sonia gandhi b made a PM or not?"
Regarding Interview, many were asked to explain their project n also some questions on C n C++.
But i was asked some questions on antennas,transmission lines, digital circuits and CCN .
I answered most of them but did not answer 2 or 3 .They just said no problem n were ok with it.
satym papers 2
SATYAM 2004 TEST at PESIT, Bangalore
15 q's in 30 mins
All Aptitude
1. get the correct arrangment of sentences.
i. This is.
ii.This is sentence with 4 references.
iii.This is to say that this sentence is a lonf sentence.
iv.This is not the last sentence of the paragraph.
v. The previous sentence to this is the longest sentence.
vi.This is first sentence of last paragraph.
vii.This refers to last sentence.
There were 2 more sentncs similar 2 this. For the correct soln look at the answers & get it. By lookin at the stmts u wont get anythin.
2. Somethin bout _a's,ii b's,ii c's.......i didnt get the question.
3. A third of this value is 1/2. What is the value.
Ans: 3/2
4. How to measure 4 l by using 5 l & 3 l vessels only.
Choices were 5 l - 520254 3 l - 032.....u will get it by lookin at answers.
5. there are 6 somethins...lets call it cups...holding 19,14,21,35,10,8 nails each. Joe and Jack bought 5 of them with Jack buying twice number of nails than Joe. How much did they buy.
Ans: Jack-21,35,10 Joe-19,14 U can get it by lookin at ans(again). Easy.
6. Truck is travellin at 60 kmph. Wat rate should car travel to be ahead of truck for 2 mins.
Choices were 72, 66.8, 90,.... Me thinks its 66.8. Not sure.
7. Ther are 10 red balls,6 white and 5 blue. How many balls should i pick to make sure that i have atleast 1 of each.
8. A horribly phrased & really long question bout base 3....If u do get it attempt it only if time permits.
9.Next 4 Very very easy.
Old code
BLUE SKY (or somethin)....most of my qs r not xact
1234 567
New Code
SKY BLUE
123 4567
A company initially had a code for keepin price secret(god knows why)....dat was old code. They felt it was time 2 change & adopted to new code.
Q: If LKY was old code...wat is correspondin new code
10. Refer above for a similar q
11.Again from the 8th one....somethin bout letters repeatin themselves.
12. If SUE was in old code & was overlooked during new code....wat will the price be if salesman does not change code. Again refer 8.
from 4 mostly can score easily.
13. There are 1 way routes from A to G, Mto H, A to F....(A, G etc are given as some place)
Which is the shortest route from A to F.
Ans: U dont even have to draw a graph. Just look at q & ans is urs.
14. A Fence was being erected by Jatin. The poles were to be 5 ft apart, but as Jatin(the fool that he is) forgot to bring 4 poles, he erected them 7 ft apart. The q is how much distance was the fence to cover.
Choice: 70 ft 92 ft 100 ft 75 ft....Ans: 70 ft.
15. A friend of my, a teacher, lives in a house. When i asked her address she told me that she lived in a street where her side had the houses marked successively with consecutive even house numbers. She told me that the block of 6 houses near her house on the same side had a total of the house numbers as 8790 & that her house had the lowest number among them. Wat was the number of her house.
Another easy one.
Following this was a gd. There were 5 topics
1. US war on iraq-justified or not.
2. Role of UN in peacekeeping.
3. Position of Women in India compared to other nations.
4. Environment MAnagement.
5. Is China better than India in software.
Ppl appearin for test: 828
PPl selected for gd: 300
Ppl selected for interviews: 142
_
Some of the questions which i remember n the procedure
is given below:
First of all a quantitative test is there..
15 ques were there.
ques were like these..i forgot exact wording but this
will definetly give u some idea.
1. a- this is first sentence of
b- this sentence follow second sentence
c- this sentence shows that this is logest among
all the sentences
d- ____
e- ____
f- this sentence is last sentence of the paragrahph
now arrange the above self descriptive sentences to
form a paragraph.
2. there are this many numbers of i.___ a's, ii 1 b ,
iii ___ c's, iv i d's, v __ e's, vi __ f's, vii __
g's, viii___ h's, ix ___ i's in this sentence.
( all the numbers are in roman numerals )
ans- so u have to count number of a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i
in the sentence simple.
e.g there are iii number of 'a' in the whole
sentence.
remeber as u right iii a's u have added three i's so
number of i's will increase in this way.
3. some xyz has to fence his field , he planned to do
it by putting the fences 5 ft apart, but when he
actually started putting fences he found that he has
got 4 no. of pole less so he put them 7ft apart to
cover the whole boundary.
what is the total length of the boundary to be
fenced.
ans: 5x = 7(x-4)
x=14 .... implies boundary = 14x 5 = 70 ft
4.
there r some code given for some company.
like
P Q R S T G H J K J
4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 0 9
DUE TO SOME SECURITY REASONS THE CODES R CHANGED .
G O P E B Z X C V L
1 2 3 9 0 6 7 8 5 4
four ques based on it.. which can be simple solved
by comparing alphabets to their corresponding
numbers.
e.g if code was PQR what is the cost according to
the new code if code is chaged to XCV.. that's it.
5. one speed distance question.( i forgot it).
6. if there r five students ( A B C D E ) who can
comunicate through emails.. then some routes r given
like A- B
A - E
B - D
........
que is to find how can B comunicate with c in min
number of stoppages.( remebr if ther is direct route
from b to c then that is not the one with min
stoppage. min means atleast one, so don't consider as
direct from b to c)
7. onne was like that there r certain number wroitten
to the base 3 ... then to identify some relations
between no..
it was a question with 4 subparts n full page
question. as 15 ques has to be done in 30 mins . so
better leave such long ques .. as they can't be solved
in less then 1.5 mins.
rest i don't rember , but were very simple.
This was followed by GD.
Topics were...
1. is indian hockey team lymping.
2. is US bombing on iraq justified.
3. can china excede india in IT industry
4. environmental management .
_
1) 2 nos: , LCM=693 , GCM=11 one no: 77 find the other ?
ans: 99
2) 5 children,youngest 3yrs old and no 2 children hve the same age ,sum of their age is 26.Find the age of eldest.
7,8,10,...
ans:8
3)second no: is twice the first no: and first no: is thrice the third no:.Their avg is 20.
Find the greatest no:
ans: 36
4)RS232 cable - bit transfer rate ?
0-50000,5000-50000.....
5) If CPU wants to stop the IO process and continue with main processing ,then which device it uses :
Control Unit,IO Divertor,Channel Divertor,None
6)connnecting 2 diff networks :
ans: Gateway
_
Hurray I got into SATYAM.
Peers I am harsha here ,a 2003 batch- telecom fresher
. I attended the SATYAM test on November 1st .the
venue of the test was PESIT College , Bangalore.
Then I will thank you guys. Many people gave the info
about the recruitment. Many gave previous papers. Many
more gave the test papers after they wrote the test.
Last but not least , SURENDRA reddy sir. He was always
a source of inspiration to me. Whenever I feel
depressed about not getting a job , I would read the
sayings which he would send . that helped me a lot
even when a bad time was going.
CHETANA madam give me oppertunities , you peers gave
me information and Surendra sir - he is my guru who
gave me additional strength.
Peers don't think I got a lot of opportunities to
write the test . I have written only 5 tests in last 4
months. I roamed , went to almost every company ,
dropped hardcopy of my resume . I applied to whatever
id I got from the group. Even then only 5 companies
thought I was eligible for (atleast) test.
INFOSYS written test failed
ORACLE written test failed
HUGHES written test failed
SASKEN written test failed
SATYAM passed the written test , GD & tech and HR
interview
Don't get disheartened if you have not got jobs yet .
I heard that NOV-2-MARCH is the peak recruitment time
for all companies. I wrote INFOSYS test when I was in
8th sem. I wrote ORACLE & SASEN 18th OCTOBER . I wrote
HUGHES on 21st OCTOBER . last SATYAM on NOVENMBER 1st
.
i would wish you all "best of luck" and i will hope
that each one of us would be placed within
DECEMBER-2003
THANK YOU , THANK YOU VERY MUCH .
I have not got the offer letter , reporting venue yet.
any body from bangalore who have got selected to
SATYAM. please get in touch with me. please yaar.
I will be sending my SATYAM mail-id and also the
SATYAM EMPLOYEE ID no when i get them.
If there is a recruitment in our(hurray) Company
through referreal , you can use my no.
NO OF PERSONS ATTENED WRITTEN TEST: 2606
NO OF PERSONS SELECTED FOR GD: 760
NO OF PERSONS SELECTED FOR INTERVIEW: 284
LAST , NO OF PERSONS SELECTED: 159
15 questions - 30 minutes.
Old papers wont help. This is a new set of paper. But
read that also. They gave different papers for
different batches.
I am giving my paper.
PAPER :
1.
2.sam , sue & sally stayed in the same road. Their
house nos are in between 1-99. They are not living in
consecutive houses.
Sue asked sam "is your house no a square" and "is it
greater than 50". He answered 2nd question correctly.
but she thought he had answered all questions
correctly, and went to a wrong address.
Sally asked sam "is your house no a cube" and "is it
greater than 25". He answered 2nd question correctly.
but she thought he had answered all questions
correctly, and went to a wrong address.
What is the house no of SAM , SUE and SALLY.
ANS:sam 55, Sue 81 and Sally 64
3.camel staying across the 1000-mile desert. It grows
3000 bananas. It eats 1 banana each mile.if it has to
asle these bananas. It has to cross the 1000-mile
desert . it can carry 1000 bananas each time. Then how
many bananas would it sale.
Ans:none
4.probability problem
5. R,T, P, R , N , P , _?
ANS: L
6 52,51,48,43,34,27,18
this sequence is wrong . could you tell because of
which no it is going wrong.
Ans: 34
7. > means add , = means equal to , % means multiply.
Like this many more
which expression is right. They had given 4
expressions
8.if he wears cap, then no slippers. If he wears
slippers then no glasses. If not true neither he is
wearing slippers or CAP, then he wars PYJAMAS. He has
worn glass , then is he wearing PYJAMAS.
9.they had given 10 secentences giving 10 conditions.
5 students have to get appointment with a PROFESSOR.
What is the order in which they meet.
10.get the no of triangles from the given figure
11.problem on graphs, data management
12.
13. 82 , 97, 114, 133 , _?
Ans : 154
14.
15.
sorry , I could not remember all questions . I have
given the questions in my words. But the contents were
same.
My GD topic was "Should SONIA gandhi be made the PM" .
our group said a unanimous NO. 4 guys from our group
got selected for interview.
I collected other GD topics from other friends
1. Should SONIA gandhi be made the PM
2. BPOs in INDIA
3. Govt contribution to IT
4. will punch lines rule the Advt
5. prematial sex
6. is china a threat to indian industry
7. india or west , which is the land of oppertunities
8. water resources should be nationalised
interview:
5 minutes-tech. He asked me about my project
10minutes 10 HR- too many personal questions
____
* Written test: 15-qustion. 1-mark for right answer, 1/4 minus for every wrong answer.
I don't remember the questions exactly, but let me tell you.
1> e o e r e.... which is the next letter
2> A ship has a ladder which has 6 rungs. The first rung is 1 ft. above water. If tide rises 1 ft for every 15 min. How many rungs will be under water after 1 hr.
3> Red, blak hat like questions which requires damn horrible patince ton look in to the root of the problem and come up with answer. It was
from george summers.
4>Who is the billionaire among henry,everet..... Almost same question which was asked in infosys october 12th test.
5> mango, orange problem.... basically from R.S.Agrawal book.
6> Two qustions from CAT logical reasoning. The ones having 4 figures, we have to find the fifth. I was well prepared in that type. Most of the people got eliminated in these kind of problems only. One should be very carefull while answering such qeustions, b'coz you will find 2 figures which may look like right answers, but only one has the exact relationship with the previous 4 figures. So, you should be carefull in choosing such answers. I got them right.
7> Most of the rest were like george summers things, but modified perfectly. Like one of them tell you the exact truth, one sometimes tell you the truth, one lies. So, startr with which you see as wrong first. In my case I started with the thing which most others thought it to be wrong. I wrote that as answer. I got it right.
8> A nawab gets out at a railway station 2 earlier to his scheduled arrival. He walks at 3mph speed. At the same time, when he left railway station a cab left his house so as to reach the station just on time. He is walking towards his house. He got his cab on the way and reched his house 1 hr before what everybody thought it as his scheduled arrival. What is the distance between his house and railway station?
It is a very tricky railway station problem. Try to solve it. I will tell you the answer later.
* GROUP Discussion:
1> Environmental pollution whose responsibility is it? {topic given to me}
2> Computer is a female or male?
I remember only this much. One should have a good command over the language and the people around, then only he/she will be selected.
* HR-Tech interview:
 It consists of HR-TEch both. A HR person and a tech engineer will be sitting together. Such 6 groups will be there. So, one need not wait for more. He/she may get any of these group. In tech interview tey will ask only about our project. Thatz very easy. simultaneously HR person will interfere{if you are cruising smoothly in tech. , as in my case}and he is the person who will put you under sea. You will feel like a fish put on road from water. It seems I did that one also perfectly. But, I should have put my percentage as 75+ in the resume which they provide there. They provide there own resume. So, I lost there in HR-Tech thing.
Few questions like:
" What is so special about software engineers?"
" If I give you a pen and make you to stand on top of this building and tell you too calculate the total height of this building how will you do it?"
" Tell me about your personal life"{ probably here also I failed. I told about my family and myself. I should has stressed more on my records"
---
__
THIS IS SATYAM QUESTIONS IN BANGALORE....
1. one question on the coding simple one..
ESETE?
WHAT IS NEXT.....
A) u B)r C) e D) s e) none
2. one question on figures...four fig ..are given what is next fig???
3. Similarly one more question...
4. given 6 persons having some RSxxx/- arrange the order with respect to money(8 lines Q)
5. Regarding ages one question
6. Given RS 140 how u will share the some thing like that...I don't remember...
7. Some relations given find the order...(some 7 lines questions)
8. work-time problem given...he given A work in 6 days B work in 8 days C work in 10 days....he given A leaves after 8 days ....some thing like that
9. he will give some sentences..Arrange the order like that one question
10. one big question just leave it ( wast of time)
__________
Questions:
1) For this question take
A-1,B-2,C-3..........X-24,Y-25,Z-26.
Edwin is a judge and a numerologist.He is married to
a woman whose name:
a) has a "product" that is the same as that for
JUDGE:using the correspondence of letters and numbers
above, this product is 10*21*4*7*5.
b)has no letter in common with JUDGE.
c)Has no third letter of the alphabet because 3 is his
unlucky number.
d)Has letters in alphabetical order when the first
letter and second letter are interchanged.
What is the name of the judge's wife?
2) The owner of the house has been murdered. The
visitors to the mansion were Allen,bixby and Crain.
a) The murderer ,who was one of the three visitors
,arrived at the mansion later than atleast one of the
other two visitors.
b)A detective,who was one of the three
visitors,arrived at the mansion earlier than atleast
one of the other two visitors
c)The detective arrived at the mansion at midnight.
d)Neither Allen nor Bixby arrive at the mansion after
midnight
e)the earlier arriver of Bixby and crain wasnot the
detective
f)the later arriver of allen and crain was not the
murderer
Who was the murderer?
3) some farm tools and farm equipments have been
stolen..3 farm workers were interrogated..Each one
makes 2 statements.(i dont remember the statements)One
of the statements made by each of them is right while
the other is wrong. We have to tell who stole them.
4) There is 4-digit number..the second digit is 2 more
than the first..the last digit is five more than the
third..something like this..it is very simple..jus
have to go from the choices given..
5)
A D
B G E
C F
Each of seven digits from 0,1,2,3...8,9 is :
a) represented by a different letter in the figure
above.
b) positioned in the figure above so that A*B*C, B*G*E
and D*E*F are equal.
Which digit does G represent?
6) Given the names of four persons..and also given
that one is taller than the other but shorter than
someone else..statements like these..we have to find
who is the shortest..
7) A man is walking inside the tunnel AB. when he is
3/8th of the distance from A, he hears a train coming
from behind him..he sees that when he moves towards B,
the train just catches him at B, and similar logic if
he tried to reach A..the man walks at a steady rate of
8m/h..what is the speed of the train?
8)Fifty minutes ago if it was four times as many
minutes past four o clock, how many minutes is it to
six o clock?
9) a simple problem related to ages..
10) There are 5 dacoits who have together stolen some
gold coins..they stay at a place for the night hiding
the bounty safely...When evreyone's asleep, one of the
dacoits wakes up, takes 1/5th of the bounty plus one
for himself..the rest he puts back in the bag and goes
to sleep..the next dacoit wakes up, does the same
thing,ie takes 1/5th of the remaining bounty plus one
for himself, puts the rest back and goes to sleep..the
third,fourth and fifth dacoits do the same thing..in
the morning, they all wake up and divide the bounty
equally among them..how may coins were there
originally? The key to this question is to proceed
from the options..see which number leaves a remainder
1 when divided by 5 four times continuously and the
fifth time divides it exactly.
The rest 5 quests i dont remember....Quests 1,2 and 5
have been lifted straight out of Puzzles' by George
Summers..8 is from Shakuntala Devi..
Dont attempt the questions u r not confident of..
The GD round is said to be the Main elimination round
in Satyam..The topic we were given was "US war on
Iraq"..Some other topics could be "environmental
pollution", "Indian Hockey" etc.
The interview consisted of both technical and HR
questions..Expect questions from ur project..and brush
up the subjects in ur major..
CSE- majors were asked on DBMS, a bit of networking,
Object Orientation concepts.etc..
15 q's in 30 mins
All Aptitude
1. get the correct arrangment of sentences.
i. This is.
ii.This is sentence with 4 references.
iii.This is to say that this sentence is a lonf sentence.
iv.This is not the last sentence of the paragraph.
v. The previous sentence to this is the longest sentence.
vi.This is first sentence of last paragraph.
vii.This refers to last sentence.
There were 2 more sentncs similar 2 this. For the correct soln look at the answers & get it. By lookin at the stmts u wont get anythin.
2. Somethin bout _a's,ii b's,ii c's.......i didnt get the question.
3. A third of this value is 1/2. What is the value.
Ans: 3/2
4. How to measure 4 l by using 5 l & 3 l vessels only.
Choices were 5 l - 520254 3 l - 032.....u will get it by lookin at answers.
5. there are 6 somethins...lets call it cups...holding 19,14,21,35,10,8 nails each. Joe and Jack bought 5 of them with Jack buying twice number of nails than Joe. How much did they buy.
Ans: Jack-21,35,10 Joe-19,14 U can get it by lookin at ans(again). Easy.
6. Truck is travellin at 60 kmph. Wat rate should car travel to be ahead of truck for 2 mins.
Choices were 72, 66.8, 90,.... Me thinks its 66.8. Not sure.
7. Ther are 10 red balls,6 white and 5 blue. How many balls should i pick to make sure that i have atleast 1 of each.
8. A horribly phrased & really long question bout base 3....If u do get it attempt it only if time permits.
9.Next 4 Very very easy.
Old code
BLUE SKY (or somethin)....most of my qs r not xact
1234 567
New Code
SKY BLUE
123 4567
A company initially had a code for keepin price secret(god knows why)....dat was old code. They felt it was time 2 change & adopted to new code.
Q: If LKY was old code...wat is correspondin new code
10. Refer above for a similar q
11.Again from the 8th one....somethin bout letters repeatin themselves.
12. If SUE was in old code & was overlooked during new code....wat will the price be if salesman does not change code. Again refer 8.
from 4 mostly can score easily.
13. There are 1 way routes from A to G, Mto H, A to F....(A, G etc are given as some place)
Which is the shortest route from A to F.
Ans: U dont even have to draw a graph. Just look at q & ans is urs.
14. A Fence was being erected by Jatin. The poles were to be 5 ft apart, but as Jatin(the fool that he is) forgot to bring 4 poles, he erected them 7 ft apart. The q is how much distance was the fence to cover.
Choice: 70 ft 92 ft 100 ft 75 ft....Ans: 70 ft.
15. A friend of my, a teacher, lives in a house. When i asked her address she told me that she lived in a street where her side had the houses marked successively with consecutive even house numbers. She told me that the block of 6 houses near her house on the same side had a total of the house numbers as 8790 & that her house had the lowest number among them. Wat was the number of her house.
Another easy one.
Following this was a gd. There were 5 topics
1. US war on iraq-justified or not.
2. Role of UN in peacekeeping.
3. Position of Women in India compared to other nations.
4. Environment MAnagement.
5. Is China better than India in software.
Ppl appearin for test: 828
PPl selected for gd: 300
Ppl selected for interviews: 142
_
Some of the questions which i remember n the procedure
is given below:
First of all a quantitative test is there..
15 ques were there.
ques were like these..i forgot exact wording but this
will definetly give u some idea.
1. a- this is first sentence of
b- this sentence follow second sentence
c- this sentence shows that this is logest among
all the sentences
d- ____
e- ____
f- this sentence is last sentence of the paragrahph
now arrange the above self descriptive sentences to
form a paragraph.
2. there are this many numbers of i.___ a's, ii 1 b ,
iii ___ c's, iv i d's, v __ e's, vi __ f's, vii __
g's, viii___ h's, ix ___ i's in this sentence.
( all the numbers are in roman numerals )
ans- so u have to count number of a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i
in the sentence simple.
e.g there are iii number of 'a' in the whole
sentence.
remeber as u right iii a's u have added three i's so
number of i's will increase in this way.
3. some xyz has to fence his field , he planned to do
it by putting the fences 5 ft apart, but when he
actually started putting fences he found that he has
got 4 no. of pole less so he put them 7ft apart to
cover the whole boundary.
what is the total length of the boundary to be
fenced.
ans: 5x = 7(x-4)
x=14 .... implies boundary = 14x 5 = 70 ft
4.
there r some code given for some company.
like
P Q R S T G H J K J
4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 0 9
DUE TO SOME SECURITY REASONS THE CODES R CHANGED .
G O P E B Z X C V L
1 2 3 9 0 6 7 8 5 4
four ques based on it.. which can be simple solved
by comparing alphabets to their corresponding
numbers.
e.g if code was PQR what is the cost according to
the new code if code is chaged to XCV.. that's it.
5. one speed distance question.( i forgot it).
6. if there r five students ( A B C D E ) who can
comunicate through emails.. then some routes r given
like A- B
A - E
B - D
........
que is to find how can B comunicate with c in min
number of stoppages.( remebr if ther is direct route
from b to c then that is not the one with min
stoppage. min means atleast one, so don't consider as
direct from b to c)
7. onne was like that there r certain number wroitten
to the base 3 ... then to identify some relations
between no..
it was a question with 4 subparts n full page
question. as 15 ques has to be done in 30 mins . so
better leave such long ques .. as they can't be solved
in less then 1.5 mins.
rest i don't rember , but were very simple.
This was followed by GD.
Topics were...
1. is indian hockey team lymping.
2. is US bombing on iraq justified.
3. can china excede india in IT industry
4. environmental management .
_
1) 2 nos: , LCM=693 , GCM=11 one no: 77 find the other ?
ans: 99
2) 5 children,youngest 3yrs old and no 2 children hve the same age ,sum of their age is 26.Find the age of eldest.
7,8,10,...
ans:8
3)second no: is twice the first no: and first no: is thrice the third no:.Their avg is 20.
Find the greatest no:
ans: 36
4)RS232 cable - bit transfer rate ?
0-50000,5000-50000.....
5) If CPU wants to stop the IO process and continue with main processing ,then which device it uses :
Control Unit,IO Divertor,Channel Divertor,None
6)connnecting 2 diff networks :
ans: Gateway
_
Hurray I got into SATYAM.
Peers I am harsha here ,a 2003 batch- telecom fresher
. I attended the SATYAM test on November 1st .the
venue of the test was PESIT College , Bangalore.
Then I will thank you guys. Many people gave the info
about the recruitment. Many gave previous papers. Many
more gave the test papers after they wrote the test.
Last but not least , SURENDRA reddy sir. He was always
a source of inspiration to me. Whenever I feel
depressed about not getting a job , I would read the
sayings which he would send . that helped me a lot
even when a bad time was going.
CHETANA madam give me oppertunities , you peers gave
me information and Surendra sir - he is my guru who
gave me additional strength.
Peers don't think I got a lot of opportunities to
write the test . I have written only 5 tests in last 4
months. I roamed , went to almost every company ,
dropped hardcopy of my resume . I applied to whatever
id I got from the group. Even then only 5 companies
thought I was eligible for (atleast) test.
INFOSYS written test failed
ORACLE written test failed
HUGHES written test failed
SASKEN written test failed
SATYAM passed the written test , GD & tech and HR
interview
Don't get disheartened if you have not got jobs yet .
I heard that NOV-2-MARCH is the peak recruitment time
for all companies. I wrote INFOSYS test when I was in
8th sem. I wrote ORACLE & SASEN 18th OCTOBER . I wrote
HUGHES on 21st OCTOBER . last SATYAM on NOVENMBER 1st
.
i would wish you all "best of luck" and i will hope
that each one of us would be placed within
DECEMBER-2003
THANK YOU , THANK YOU VERY MUCH .
I have not got the offer letter , reporting venue yet.
any body from bangalore who have got selected to
SATYAM. please get in touch with me. please yaar.
I will be sending my SATYAM mail-id and also the
SATYAM EMPLOYEE ID no when i get them.
If there is a recruitment in our(hurray) Company
through referreal , you can use my no.
NO OF PERSONS ATTENED WRITTEN TEST: 2606
NO OF PERSONS SELECTED FOR GD: 760
NO OF PERSONS SELECTED FOR INTERVIEW: 284
LAST , NO OF PERSONS SELECTED: 159
15 questions - 30 minutes.
Old papers wont help. This is a new set of paper. But
read that also. They gave different papers for
different batches.
I am giving my paper.
PAPER :
1.
2.sam , sue & sally stayed in the same road. Their
house nos are in between 1-99. They are not living in
consecutive houses.
Sue asked sam "is your house no a square" and "is it
greater than 50". He answered 2nd question correctly.
but she thought he had answered all questions
correctly, and went to a wrong address.
Sally asked sam "is your house no a cube" and "is it
greater than 25". He answered 2nd question correctly.
but she thought he had answered all questions
correctly, and went to a wrong address.
What is the house no of SAM , SUE and SALLY.
ANS:sam 55, Sue 81 and Sally 64
3.camel staying across the 1000-mile desert. It grows
3000 bananas. It eats 1 banana each mile.if it has to
asle these bananas. It has to cross the 1000-mile
desert . it can carry 1000 bananas each time. Then how
many bananas would it sale.
Ans:none
4.probability problem
5. R,T, P, R , N , P , _?
ANS: L
6 52,51,48,43,34,27,18
this sequence is wrong . could you tell because of
which no it is going wrong.
Ans: 34
7. > means add , = means equal to , % means multiply.
Like this many more
which expression is right. They had given 4
expressions
8.if he wears cap, then no slippers. If he wears
slippers then no glasses. If not true neither he is
wearing slippers or CAP, then he wars PYJAMAS. He has
worn glass , then is he wearing PYJAMAS.
9.they had given 10 secentences giving 10 conditions.
5 students have to get appointment with a PROFESSOR.
What is the order in which they meet.
10.get the no of triangles from the given figure
11.problem on graphs, data management
12.
13. 82 , 97, 114, 133 , _?
Ans : 154
14.
15.
sorry , I could not remember all questions . I have
given the questions in my words. But the contents were
same.
My GD topic was "Should SONIA gandhi be made the PM" .
our group said a unanimous NO. 4 guys from our group
got selected for interview.
I collected other GD topics from other friends
1. Should SONIA gandhi be made the PM
2. BPOs in INDIA
3. Govt contribution to IT
4. will punch lines rule the Advt
5. prematial sex
6. is china a threat to indian industry
7. india or west , which is the land of oppertunities
8. water resources should be nationalised
interview:
5 minutes-tech. He asked me about my project
10minutes 10 HR- too many personal questions
____
* Written test: 15-qustion. 1-mark for right answer, 1/4 minus for every wrong answer.
I don't remember the questions exactly, but let me tell you.
1> e o e r e.... which is the next letter
2> A ship has a ladder which has 6 rungs. The first rung is 1 ft. above water. If tide rises 1 ft for every 15 min. How many rungs will be under water after 1 hr.
3> Red, blak hat like questions which requires damn horrible patince ton look in to the root of the problem and come up with answer. It was
from george summers.
4>Who is the billionaire among henry,everet..... Almost same question which was asked in infosys october 12th test.
5> mango, orange problem.... basically from R.S.Agrawal book.
6> Two qustions from CAT logical reasoning. The ones having 4 figures, we have to find the fifth. I was well prepared in that type. Most of the people got eliminated in these kind of problems only. One should be very carefull while answering such qeustions, b'coz you will find 2 figures which may look like right answers, but only one has the exact relationship with the previous 4 figures. So, you should be carefull in choosing such answers. I got them right.
7> Most of the rest were like george summers things, but modified perfectly. Like one of them tell you the exact truth, one sometimes tell you the truth, one lies. So, startr with which you see as wrong first. In my case I started with the thing which most others thought it to be wrong. I wrote that as answer. I got it right.
8> A nawab gets out at a railway station 2 earlier to his scheduled arrival. He walks at 3mph speed. At the same time, when he left railway station a cab left his house so as to reach the station just on time. He is walking towards his house. He got his cab on the way and reched his house 1 hr before what everybody thought it as his scheduled arrival. What is the distance between his house and railway station?
It is a very tricky railway station problem. Try to solve it. I will tell you the answer later.
* GROUP Discussion:
1> Environmental pollution whose responsibility is it? {topic given to me}
2> Computer is a female or male?
I remember only this much. One should have a good command over the language and the people around, then only he/she will be selected.
* HR-Tech interview:
 It consists of HR-TEch both. A HR person and a tech engineer will be sitting together. Such 6 groups will be there. So, one need not wait for more. He/she may get any of these group. In tech interview tey will ask only about our project. Thatz very easy. simultaneously HR person will interfere{if you are cruising smoothly in tech. , as in my case}and he is the person who will put you under sea. You will feel like a fish put on road from water. It seems I did that one also perfectly. But, I should have put my percentage as 75+ in the resume which they provide there. They provide there own resume. So, I lost there in HR-Tech thing.
Few questions like:
" What is so special about software engineers?"
" If I give you a pen and make you to stand on top of this building and tell you too calculate the total height of this building how will you do it?"
" Tell me about your personal life"{ probably here also I failed. I told about my family and myself. I should has stressed more on my records"
---
__
THIS IS SATYAM QUESTIONS IN BANGALORE....
1. one question on the coding simple one..
ESETE?
WHAT IS NEXT.....
A) u B)r C) e D) s e) none
2. one question on figures...four fig ..are given what is next fig???
3. Similarly one more question...
4. given 6 persons having some RSxxx/- arrange the order with respect to money(8 lines Q)
5. Regarding ages one question
6. Given RS 140 how u will share the some thing like that...I don't remember...
7. Some relations given find the order...(some 7 lines questions)
8. work-time problem given...he given A work in 6 days B work in 8 days C work in 10 days....he given A leaves after 8 days ....some thing like that
9. he will give some sentences..Arrange the order like that one question
10. one big question just leave it ( wast of time)
__________
Questions:
1) For this question take
A-1,B-2,C-3..........X-24,Y-25,Z-26.
Edwin is a judge and a numerologist.He is married to
a woman whose name:
a) has a "product" that is the same as that for
JUDGE:using the correspondence of letters and numbers
above, this product is 10*21*4*7*5.
b)has no letter in common with JUDGE.
c)Has no third letter of the alphabet because 3 is his
unlucky number.
d)Has letters in alphabetical order when the first
letter and second letter are interchanged.
What is the name of the judge's wife?
2) The owner of the house has been murdered. The
visitors to the mansion were Allen,bixby and Crain.
a) The murderer ,who was one of the three visitors
,arrived at the mansion later than atleast one of the
other two visitors.
b)A detective,who was one of the three
visitors,arrived at the mansion earlier than atleast
one of the other two visitors
c)The detective arrived at the mansion at midnight.
d)Neither Allen nor Bixby arrive at the mansion after
midnight
e)the earlier arriver of Bixby and crain wasnot the
detective
f)the later arriver of allen and crain was not the
murderer
Who was the murderer?
3) some farm tools and farm equipments have been
stolen..3 farm workers were interrogated..Each one
makes 2 statements.(i dont remember the statements)One
of the statements made by each of them is right while
the other is wrong. We have to tell who stole them.
4) There is 4-digit number..the second digit is 2 more
than the first..the last digit is five more than the
third..something like this..it is very simple..jus
have to go from the choices given..
5)
A D
B G E
C F
Each of seven digits from 0,1,2,3...8,9 is :
a) represented by a different letter in the figure
above.
b) positioned in the figure above so that A*B*C, B*G*E
and D*E*F are equal.
Which digit does G represent?
6) Given the names of four persons..and also given
that one is taller than the other but shorter than
someone else..statements like these..we have to find
who is the shortest..
7) A man is walking inside the tunnel AB. when he is
3/8th of the distance from A, he hears a train coming
from behind him..he sees that when he moves towards B,
the train just catches him at B, and similar logic if
he tried to reach A..the man walks at a steady rate of
8m/h..what is the speed of the train?
8)Fifty minutes ago if it was four times as many
minutes past four o clock, how many minutes is it to
six o clock?
9) a simple problem related to ages..
10) There are 5 dacoits who have together stolen some
gold coins..they stay at a place for the night hiding
the bounty safely...When evreyone's asleep, one of the
dacoits wakes up, takes 1/5th of the bounty plus one
for himself..the rest he puts back in the bag and goes
to sleep..the next dacoit wakes up, does the same
thing,ie takes 1/5th of the remaining bounty plus one
for himself, puts the rest back and goes to sleep..the
third,fourth and fifth dacoits do the same thing..in
the morning, they all wake up and divide the bounty
equally among them..how may coins were there
originally? The key to this question is to proceed
from the options..see which number leaves a remainder
1 when divided by 5 four times continuously and the
fifth time divides it exactly.
The rest 5 quests i dont remember....Quests 1,2 and 5
have been lifted straight out of Puzzles' by George
Summers..8 is from Shakuntala Devi..
Dont attempt the questions u r not confident of..
The GD round is said to be the Main elimination round
in Satyam..The topic we were given was "US war on
Iraq"..Some other topics could be "environmental
pollution", "Indian Hockey" etc.
The interview consisted of both technical and HR
questions..Expect questions from ur project..and brush
up the subjects in ur major..
CSE- majors were asked on DBMS, a bit of networking,
Object Orientation concepts.etc..
satym papers 1
Hello Hari,
240 from three depts(CSE,ECE,EEE) attended test.30 questions of LAT (LOGICAL APTITUDE TEST) in 45 minutes…..MANIT paper repeated.But i didnt prepare that paper.
60 shortlisted for GD.8 batches with 7 or 8 in each.
GD topics:
1.Is kashmir silten after election.(its for me)
2.love marriage vs arranged marriage
3.Osama,saddem who is next..
4.Is sonia gandhi capable to become a PM
5.job opportunities high in india or foriegn.
6.Is india in right track about Ayodhya.
7.cola war.
23 shortlisted for interview.
13 are finally selected.
5- CSE
6- ECE
2- EEE
Persons from Satyam are
1.Ranganathan HR manager -very rude,arrogant,rough....
2.Ravi -Senior consult
3.sathish kannan -HR overcine..
4.Manoj -banking&finance
5.Giri srinivasan-Senior consult
6.Venkateshwaran
In interview,more technical less HR.More than 50 mins.Three per panel.
Questions came generally from:
OS,C,C++,java,DBMS,tranforms,Web based Qs,less Data structure Qs,VB.
A girl in EEE is asked to write JAVA AWT hiarierchy.
Other than HR manager,very one was very cordial,friendly.
My questions in interview:
1.my name
2.my native place
3.how you landed up in vellore
4.about your family
5.your fav subject
6.Rate yourself for mark 10
7.paging,segmentation
8.diff between process & thread and where to use them
9.fav lang-i said C
10.strong in -pointers
11.diff between array & pointer
12.explain ENUM datatype & give a realtime eg
13.diff between strut & union
14.diff between procedure & trigger
15.about tablespace
16.about my miniproject
17.diff between array & linked list how adv is LL
18.how searching is done in search engine
19.diff between malloc & calloc
20.how NEW is adv over them
21.explain inheritance & polymorphism
22.command to create PIPE,semaphore etc
23.about CMM who give them and on what basis
I didnot perform well.
Results were announced and i got selected.
Thank you thank you very much for your guidance.You have long been an inspiration for me.thank you.
I phoned your friend on thursday.But you left for chennai.Unable to contact you.Sorry.TCS is coming this monday.
SATYAM PAPER ON 18 JAN 2004
wRITTEN EXAM
1)
2) ARITHMATIC QUESTATION BUT SOME WHAT LOGICAL
3)
4)Rahul made mistake while doing home work in hurry he has writen 12*84 for 21*48
and 13*43 for 31*34 but after all 5 questions overall ans is correct
what are the remiaing 3 he has writen
some choices are given
5) A man want to buy 100 tons of food for his pets,three types food for cows,pigs,chickens
chicken's food is costly $1 for 1 tonn ,cows food grass $5 for 1 tonn,pigs $3 for 1 tonn
how can he take all three for $100
choices are given
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)Ajay asked his grand mother asked her age she answered in an logical way
I have 6 children and gap between then is 4 years and i had my first child ur uncle ramu
when i was 19. i had my last ur aunt and she is 19 now
what is the age of his grad mother
11)One of the finest ways of talking to ajay is that he say everything in a togicla way
one of that is saying nagative way once i ased for some number he said this this
I: is the number below 50
He: Yes
I: Is it below 26
He: yes and it is not a perfect squar
I Is it an odd number
He: NO
some thing like this
what is the number
choices a) 25 b) c)36 d)49 e)none
ans d 49
12)one on day
Grand mother asked anil when are u going to school he said that
I am going from one week before while couting from yesterday (some thing like this)
he said it on sunday
what is the day
a)Monday b)Tues c)wed d)fri e)none
13)figurative
14)A figure is given and asked to the squars in that figure
15) some data is given in two colum table and asked a question on that
very easy one
That all i know I have given questions in a pricised maner but every question has 3 lines of
sentences extra which are not relivent to the questation but the thing is to waste the time we have to read the sentences and answer
I can say u have to maintain time once can answer the questations but time is the factor
SATYAM COMPUTERS (HYDERABAD)
----------------------------
---------
ANTONYMS
---------
1)disregarded A) heed
2) GRE book pg no. 407 q.no. 13-16 para ie:in a certain society....
3)GRE .............446, 8th quest A) 1
4)GRE..............487, 8th.....
5).................488, 14th......
6).................513, 4 &8 .....
7) if A+B+C+D is a +ve no's then
a) one must be +ve no's
b) two ..............
c)three .............
d)all ................
8) GRE pg no.586 32nd qst.
9)if x+y =3 and y/x=2 then y=
a)0 b) 1/2 c)1 d)3/2 e)2
17) how many squares with sides 1/2 inch long are needed to cover
a rectangle that is 4 feet long & 6feet wide
a)24 b)96 c)3456 d)13824 e)14266
18)GMAT pg.no. 439 passage 1 with question 1to9 on pg.440-441
excluding qst.no.2
GMAT pg.442 passage. 2 excluding q.nos.11, 15.
20) successive discounts of 20% and 15% are equal to a single
discount of ;
a)30% b) 32% c)34% d) 35% e)36% ans) 32%
if x/y =4 and y is not '0' what % of 'x' is '2x-y'
ans:175%
if x=y=2z and xyz =256 then x=
ans: 8
23)if 2x-y=4 then 6x-y is ans:12
1-8 q's on bus route. a b c d e
a x 8 15 20 7
b 6 x 9 13 21
c 10 12 x 3 11
d 9 1 18 x 5
e 3 4 17 14 x
where x is starting point.a&e are first and last stations.and b,c,d
are intermediate stations. fig's are no. of passengers.cost of ticket
is 0.7Rs /pass.
between any successive stations. based on this few q's were given.
the fig's
are not correct. q's like total no.of pass.in onward journey.
Rest of q's are
2 statements were given. u have to answer they are correct or not
.littlebit
easy.
section3
--------
simple q's from r.s agarwal_quantitative apt.
1.1/10power18 - 1/10power20 .....value?
2.pipes-leaking-cisterns.
paper2
------------
1.general awareness.2.
1.father of computers
2.expand HTML,DMA,FAT,LAN,WAN,FDDetc
3.intel's first micropro...a.pentium b.pentiumproetc
4.1024(dec)convert to hexa&octal
5.first micro.pro.a)8085b)8088etc
6..motorola's processor name?
7.windows_NT expand
8.simple programs on pascal&c
9.diff between 8087,8086 (which is latest vers.)
10.some basic q's on GUI.
11.q's on IBMpc
12.one program on finding factorial
---------------------------
hi ppl...!!!
well iam now a "CTS-en" ...yes..i have been placed in Cognizant Technology
Solutions from BIT Messra....Its really feeling wonderful...and i would like
to thank u all for all support and the papers...without which it wouldn't
have been possible....thanks once again to all the people from
various NITs.....
Now as for the papers....
iam sending here the papers of full 30qs ORACLE Apti as it appeared in the
exam and CTS papers from BIT Mesra....do look at the CTS paper as i have
added a few qs and given solution to a few more qs....
CTS
===
CTS took 21 total(20 BEs and 1 MCA).....and the sets of blue and yellow were
repeated here as well...i guess by all of u must be having the ANNA
set......Interview was Tech + HR...easy...basic overview concepts nothing
deep...so be relaxed....practice Apti..as due weightage is given to it....At
the very outset...be prepared to be grilled on each and every word that u
mention in the CV form that these guys will give after u clear the
written..and anyh one with decent comm skills would see himself/herself
thru....
These are some of the questions i was asked...
1) My interview started with my introduction....where i mentioned my
attitude and character besides of course the academic details
2)i was then asked about my hobbies...where in i mentioned quizzing and was
asked 3-4 qs on that..
3)the next followed question on my strengths and weaknesses
4)How would u sell urself
5)What is Oracle and how have u used it....def of RDBMS....what is
normalization and its various definitions...nothing deep...3-4 qs on the
industrial trg....
6)next followed ...Why CTS...i feel this was the best question i had
answered.....because i had incorporated the most important features abt
CTS...that is being a CTS-en and their adline " Celebrating Work"
7)then was asked....abt the thing btw Oracle and PeopleSoft
8)Lastly...what would u like to ask from us?
ORACLE
======
Oracle at BIT...well i cleared the written but the interview was
really rigourous...it was in 4 rounds....with streching upto 8 hrs
per candidate who was selelcted....Oracle took a total of 10
people(9 BEs and 1 MCA)
The oracle paper was difficult to remember...
but i can give brief outline as to what could be studied...The
Technical consisted of C,Pl/SQL and JAVA....go through Ivan
Bayross for Pl/SQL and Pointers in C by Kanetkar....some of the qs
were directly from there.....
u may also do DBMS concepts.....as to what is Data
Modelling,Transactions, Distributed Databases
In my interview.....first we had a short test on C Programming where in i
was given C programs to write on PREORDER Tree traversal and Conversion of
Infix to Postfix expression...the interview followed where they grilled me
on Java and C preprocessors from head to toe...but was unable to clear the
second round of interview
TCS
===
TCS at BIT was really great....it took a whopping 63(56 BEs and 7
MCA) the pattern was no different....since i didn't appear for TCS i
cannot give the wordlist.....but it is only the wordlist that
changed but rest of the pattern was same as JSR and other RECs..go
through GRE Barrons high frequency word list.....around 16 words
from there...
KANBAY
======
Kanbay came to BIT and took 3people(2 BEs and 1 MBA)...the paper
had sets 702 and 715 but the set 715 was the same as the 717 set
of JSR....so get it from the group archives....
As for the other companies.....HCL Tech is on 3rd and 4th followed
by WIPRO ,Newgen,L&T
,Zensar,Syntel,Motorola,Birlasoft,Bluestar,Telco Tisco,Ashok
Leyland in the month of August.....will keep u updated for
sure...and best of luck....
mnnit allahabad
few gd topics are
1. is china a threat for indian s/w market
2. role of indain army in providing job to women
3. brain drain
4. role of government and citizen to maintain clean environment
240 from three depts(CSE,ECE,EEE) attended test.30 questions of LAT (LOGICAL APTITUDE TEST) in 45 minutes…..MANIT paper repeated.But i didnt prepare that paper.
60 shortlisted for GD.8 batches with 7 or 8 in each.
GD topics:
1.Is kashmir silten after election.(its for me)
2.love marriage vs arranged marriage
3.Osama,saddem who is next..
4.Is sonia gandhi capable to become a PM
5.job opportunities high in india or foriegn.
6.Is india in right track about Ayodhya.
7.cola war.
23 shortlisted for interview.
13 are finally selected.
5- CSE
6- ECE
2- EEE
Persons from Satyam are
1.Ranganathan HR manager -very rude,arrogant,rough....
2.Ravi -Senior consult
3.sathish kannan -HR overcine..
4.Manoj -banking&finance
5.Giri srinivasan-Senior consult
6.Venkateshwaran
In interview,more technical less HR.More than 50 mins.Three per panel.
Questions came generally from:
OS,C,C++,java,DBMS,tranforms,Web based Qs,less Data structure Qs,VB.
A girl in EEE is asked to write JAVA AWT hiarierchy.
Other than HR manager,very one was very cordial,friendly.
My questions in interview:
1.my name
2.my native place
3.how you landed up in vellore
4.about your family
5.your fav subject
6.Rate yourself for mark 10
7.paging,segmentation
8.diff between process & thread and where to use them
9.fav lang-i said C
10.strong in -pointers
11.diff between array & pointer
12.explain ENUM datatype & give a realtime eg
13.diff between strut & union
14.diff between procedure & trigger
15.about tablespace
16.about my miniproject
17.diff between array & linked list how adv is LL
18.how searching is done in search engine
19.diff between malloc & calloc
20.how NEW is adv over them
21.explain inheritance & polymorphism
22.command to create PIPE,semaphore etc
23.about CMM who give them and on what basis
I didnot perform well.
Results were announced and i got selected.
Thank you thank you very much for your guidance.You have long been an inspiration for me.thank you.
I phoned your friend on thursday.But you left for chennai.Unable to contact you.Sorry.TCS is coming this monday.
SATYAM PAPER ON 18 JAN 2004
wRITTEN EXAM
1)
2) ARITHMATIC QUESTATION BUT SOME WHAT LOGICAL
3)
4)Rahul made mistake while doing home work in hurry he has writen 12*84 for 21*48
and 13*43 for 31*34 but after all 5 questions overall ans is correct
what are the remiaing 3 he has writen
some choices are given
5) A man want to buy 100 tons of food for his pets,three types food for cows,pigs,chickens
chicken's food is costly $1 for 1 tonn ,cows food grass $5 for 1 tonn,pigs $3 for 1 tonn
how can he take all three for $100
choices are given
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)Ajay asked his grand mother asked her age she answered in an logical way
I have 6 children and gap between then is 4 years and i had my first child ur uncle ramu
when i was 19. i had my last ur aunt and she is 19 now
what is the age of his grad mother
11)One of the finest ways of talking to ajay is that he say everything in a togicla way
one of that is saying nagative way once i ased for some number he said this this
I: is the number below 50
He: Yes
I: Is it below 26
He: yes and it is not a perfect squar
I Is it an odd number
He: NO
some thing like this
what is the number
choices a) 25 b) c)36 d)49 e)none
ans d 49
12)one on day
Grand mother asked anil when are u going to school he said that
I am going from one week before while couting from yesterday (some thing like this)
he said it on sunday
what is the day
a)Monday b)Tues c)wed d)fri e)none
13)figurative
14)A figure is given and asked to the squars in that figure
15) some data is given in two colum table and asked a question on that
very easy one
That all i know I have given questions in a pricised maner but every question has 3 lines of
sentences extra which are not relivent to the questation but the thing is to waste the time we have to read the sentences and answer
I can say u have to maintain time once can answer the questations but time is the factor
SATYAM COMPUTERS (HYDERABAD)
----------------------------
---------
ANTONYMS
---------
1)disregarded A) heed
2) GRE book pg no. 407 q.no. 13-16 para ie:in a certain society....
3)GRE .............446, 8th quest A) 1
4)GRE..............487, 8th.....
5).................488, 14th......
6).................513, 4 &8 .....
7) if A+B+C+D is a +ve no's then
a) one must be +ve no's
b) two ..............
c)three .............
d)all ................
8) GRE pg no.586 32nd qst.
9)if x+y =3 and y/x=2 then y=
a)0 b) 1/2 c)1 d)3/2 e)2
17) how many squares with sides 1/2 inch long are needed to cover
a rectangle that is 4 feet long & 6feet wide
a)24 b)96 c)3456 d)13824 e)14266
18)GMAT pg.no. 439 passage 1 with question 1to9 on pg.440-441
excluding qst.no.2
GMAT pg.442 passage. 2 excluding q.nos.11, 15.
20) successive discounts of 20% and 15% are equal to a single
discount of ;
a)30% b) 32% c)34% d) 35% e)36% ans) 32%
if x/y =4 and y is not '0' what % of 'x' is '2x-y'
ans:175%
if x=y=2z and xyz =256 then x=
ans: 8
23)if 2x-y=4 then 6x-y is ans:12
1-8 q's on bus route. a b c d e
a x 8 15 20 7
b 6 x 9 13 21
c 10 12 x 3 11
d 9 1 18 x 5
e 3 4 17 14 x
where x is starting point.a&e are first and last stations.and b,c,d
are intermediate stations. fig's are no. of passengers.cost of ticket
is 0.7Rs /pass.
between any successive stations. based on this few q's were given.
the fig's
are not correct. q's like total no.of pass.in onward journey.
Rest of q's are
2 statements were given. u have to answer they are correct or not
.littlebit
easy.
section3
--------
simple q's from r.s agarwal_quantitative apt.
1.1/10power18 - 1/10power20 .....value?
2.pipes-leaking-cisterns.
paper2
------------
1.general awareness.2.
1.father of computers
2.expand HTML,DMA,FAT,LAN,WAN,FDDetc
3.intel's first micropro...a.pentium b.pentiumproetc
4.1024(dec)convert to hexa&octal
5.first micro.pro.a)8085b)8088etc
6..motorola's processor name?
7.windows_NT expand
8.simple programs on pascal&c
9.diff between 8087,8086 (which is latest vers.)
10.some basic q's on GUI.
11.q's on IBMpc
12.one program on finding factorial
---------------------------
hi ppl...!!!
well iam now a "CTS-en" ...yes..i have been placed in Cognizant Technology
Solutions from BIT Messra....Its really feeling wonderful...and i would like
to thank u all for all support and the papers...without which it wouldn't
have been possible....thanks once again to all the people from
various NITs.....
Now as for the papers....
iam sending here the papers of full 30qs ORACLE Apti as it appeared in the
exam and CTS papers from BIT Mesra....do look at the CTS paper as i have
added a few qs and given solution to a few more qs....
CTS
===
CTS took 21 total(20 BEs and 1 MCA).....and the sets of blue and yellow were
repeated here as well...i guess by all of u must be having the ANNA
set......Interview was Tech + HR...easy...basic overview concepts nothing
deep...so be relaxed....practice Apti..as due weightage is given to it....At
the very outset...be prepared to be grilled on each and every word that u
mention in the CV form that these guys will give after u clear the
written..and anyh one with decent comm skills would see himself/herself
thru....
These are some of the questions i was asked...
1) My interview started with my introduction....where i mentioned my
attitude and character besides of course the academic details
2)i was then asked about my hobbies...where in i mentioned quizzing and was
asked 3-4 qs on that..
3)the next followed question on my strengths and weaknesses
4)How would u sell urself
5)What is Oracle and how have u used it....def of RDBMS....what is
normalization and its various definitions...nothing deep...3-4 qs on the
industrial trg....
6)next followed ...Why CTS...i feel this was the best question i had
answered.....because i had incorporated the most important features abt
CTS...that is being a CTS-en and their adline " Celebrating Work"
7)then was asked....abt the thing btw Oracle and PeopleSoft
8)Lastly...what would u like to ask from us?
ORACLE
======
Oracle at BIT...well i cleared the written but the interview was
really rigourous...it was in 4 rounds....with streching upto 8 hrs
per candidate who was selelcted....Oracle took a total of 10
people(9 BEs and 1 MCA)
The oracle paper was difficult to remember...
but i can give brief outline as to what could be studied...The
Technical consisted of C,Pl/SQL and JAVA....go through Ivan
Bayross for Pl/SQL and Pointers in C by Kanetkar....some of the qs
were directly from there.....
u may also do DBMS concepts.....as to what is Data
Modelling,Transactions, Distributed Databases
In my interview.....first we had a short test on C Programming where in i
was given C programs to write on PREORDER Tree traversal and Conversion of
Infix to Postfix expression...the interview followed where they grilled me
on Java and C preprocessors from head to toe...but was unable to clear the
second round of interview
TCS
===
TCS at BIT was really great....it took a whopping 63(56 BEs and 7
MCA) the pattern was no different....since i didn't appear for TCS i
cannot give the wordlist.....but it is only the wordlist that
changed but rest of the pattern was same as JSR and other RECs..go
through GRE Barrons high frequency word list.....around 16 words
from there...
KANBAY
======
Kanbay came to BIT and took 3people(2 BEs and 1 MBA)...the paper
had sets 702 and 715 but the set 715 was the same as the 717 set
of JSR....so get it from the group archives....
As for the other companies.....HCL Tech is on 3rd and 4th followed
by WIPRO ,Newgen,L&T
,Zensar,Syntel,Motorola,Birlasoft,Bluestar,Telco Tisco,Ashok
Leyland in the month of August.....will keep u updated for
sure...and best of luck....
mnnit allahabad
few gd topics are
1. is china a threat for indian s/w market
2. role of indain army in providing job to women
3. brain drain
4. role of government and citizen to maintain clean environment
Thursday, August 28, 2008
SAMPLE RESUME
Mail: shiv_koirala@yahoo.com
Phones: 9892966515
Summary:
• Experience of above 7 years experience in IT industry
• Ability to handle independently projects and lead team in c#, vb.net, vb6, asp, asp.net with Sql server back end.
• Software estimation using Function points and Use Case Points.
• Handled Team of 20 people and met project deadlines according to management needs.
• Analysis design, preparing scope document's document, UML documentation.
• Good knowledge in CMM level process was a member of CMMI steering committee.
• Abroad experience of 30 months in US and UK.
• Presently Working in SBI project
• Will join after one month as that's my present companies leaving period.
Expectations:
• Looking for a post of project leader or project manager.
• Getting four lakhs plus per annum.
• Expecting eight lakhs per annum.
Software Skills:
• Languages:-C#,VB.NET,VB/5/6,ASP, ASP.NET, COBOL, C, Vbscript, JavaScript.
• Tools used in Projects: - Code Smith, FXCop, NUnit, MPP, Enterprise architect.
• Application Blocks: - Data Application Blocks, Error handling Application blocks.
• Databases:-Sql Server 7.0/2000/DB2/IMS/ ACCESS
• Server:-BizTalk Server, IIS Server, Java Web server , MTS
• Certifications:-MCSD
• Architecture Know How: - Design Patterns, Three tier architecture and MVC.
• Estimation techniques :- Function Points, Use Case Points,COCOMO-2
• Process Know How: - Was in Steering committee of CMMI 5, Know how of all KPA and implemented project management KPA in project with help of my project manager.
• Operating Systems:- MVS, Windows , OS/ WRAP,NT 4.0,Windows 2000 and 2003
Work Experience:-
• Simon technologies (July 2004 till Date)
• Onsite London 11 Th October 2001 TO 2 nd Feb 2004.
• Raj travels March 2001 TO 10 Th October 2001
• Extra force 2 Jan 2000 TO Feb 2001
• Amazing technologies 28th Sept 97 TO 23 rd Dec 1999
Significant Projects:-
• SBI
• Cadbury Prototype.
• Call centre Project (Maersk)
• Travel Product.
• Travel Back Office.
• Kodak Album.
• Instareach
• Accounts Package(In house Project)
• Placement Website.
• R&D Equipments Project.
• Sense Stock website.
• Ebenshoppe.
• Indian Marriage Website.
• Zed gateway website
• ISI bar Furnace simulation project.
• Export package for vaishnav export.
Project Details:-
NOTE: (In order to keep the CV short I have described only past 7 projects)
State Bank of India
Role Team Leader
Platform Asp.NET,C#,SQL SERVER 2000
Team Size 3
Description • Atomization of leave process through proper defined hierarchy of Normal user, SA and RA roles among members.
• Migrating old application database to new application database.
• Authorization and authentification happens through NDS.
• Maintain Audit History of leave application.
• Integration of the leave work flow with group wise task list and calendar
• Incorporating custom rules for the following leave type
• Improving scalability of the old application.
Cadbury project prototype
Role Team Leader
Platform Asp.NET,C#,SQL SERVER 2000
Team Size 5
Description • Application Record’s Downtime and uptime of the plant and machinery.
• Drawing reports from the downtime and uptime gathered data.
• Graphical and Non-graphical representation of report.
Maersk Call Centre
Role Project Leader
Platform VB.NET,SQL SERVER 2000
Other Tools Fxcop,Code Smith
External Tools Alcatel Switches
Team Size 10
Description • Customer Management database for call centre.
• TAPI integration using Tele tools OCX.
• MSMQ server database integration.
• Integration of old application with the current new project.
Travel Product
Role Group leader
Platform CSHARP,SQL SERVER 2000, 3 TIER ARCHITECTURE
Other Tools Fxcop,Code Smith
Team Size 40
Description This is ongoing project. This product is made for travel domain
(Airline industry, Car, Hotels, Excursions). I am involved in planning of
scope document, Estimation, domain study and then in to implementation
study. Integration with Amadeus, Galileo external third party software.
Software has capabilities like Booking online, hotel bookings, car bookings,
reports, financial capture of data. Integration with external
Accounting software like quick books, ARC,BSP
Griffin Back Office
Role Team Leader
Platform VB6,C#,SQL SERVER 2000,COM, 3 TIER ARCHITECTURE
Team Size 3
Description This product was made for 18 countries of GRIFFIN marine travel office.
The project was built with 3 tier architecture fundamentals.
It had accounting, invoicing, cash, BSP support, Galileo and Amadeus Booking
systems, Customer reports, Supplier statements, Trial Balance, Multi currency
support, Multi user support.Sucessfully closed accounting statements for two
Countries. Printing support for both windows printer and dot matrix printer.
It has server based programs and client based programs
Kodak Album
Role Project Leader
Technology vb6 , MSACCESS
Team Size 3
Description I was in planning of object based design in Kodak for visual basic.
It was a extensively an image handling product where in mainly and customer
Album can be seen. Can be modified like flipped, contrast etc.Browsing and
Mailing facility in corporate in the project. Zoom in and zoom out
Incorporated in the product mainly vb6 API at the back end.
Instareach
Role Project Leader
Platform VB6,C#,SQL SERVER,VPN WINDOWS 2000 SERVER,API.TCP/IP,RAS
Team Size 3 people on version 1.0
Description This product is elite product for communication which has extensive modules like chat,messenger.white board, file transfer was there in designing and
coding part of chat and file transfering.It uses at back end heavily concept
Of vpn.Used ras and dun fundamentals. Winsock with tcp/ip was main back bone
Of this product. Extensive use of win API like RAS etc.
Made com components for multithreading in visual basic.
It’s mainly a socket based application.
Educational Qualification:-
• BE ELECT 1997 IIT
• DIP EPS 1994 KPK
• SSC 1990 KKK
Other technical Achievements:-
Regular author on popular websites and here are some of my tutorials.
• MCSD.NET
• Diploma in computer science
• Written white papers in estimation
A robot
A robot is a mechanical or virtual, artificial agent. It is usually an electromechanical system, which, by its appearance or movements, conveys a sense that it has intent or agency of its own. The word robot can refer to both physical robots and virtual software agents, but the latter are usually referred to as bots to differentiate.
While there is still discussion about which machines qualify as robots, a typical robot will have several, though not necessarily all of the following.
Properties:
Is not 'natural' i.e. artificially created
Can sense its environment, and manipulate or interact with things in it
Has some degree of intelligence or ability to make choices based on the environment, or Automatic control / preprogrammed sequence
Is programmable
Moves with one or more axes of rotation or translation
Makes dexterous coordinated movements
Appears to have intent or agency (reification, anthropomorphisation )
Defining characteristics
The last property (above), the appearance of agency, is important when people are considering whether to call a machine a robot. In general, the more a machine has the appearance of agency, the more it is considered a robot.
Mental agency
For robotic engineers, the physical appearance of a machine is less important than the way its actions are controlled.[6] The more the control system seems to have agency of its own, the more likely the machine is to be called a robot. An important feature of agency is the ability to make choices. So the more a machine could feasibly choose to do something different, the more agency it has. For example:
a clockwork car is never considered a robot[7]
a remotely operated vehicle is sometimes considered a robot[8] (or telerobot).
a car with an onboard computer, like Bigtrak, which could drive in a programmable sequence might be called a robot.
a self-controlled car, like the 1990s driverless cars of Ernst Dickmanns, or the entries to the DARPA Grand Challenge, which could sense its environment, and make driving decisions based on this information would quite likely be called robot.
a sentient car, like the fictional KITT, which can take decisions, navigate freely and converse fluently with a human, is usually considered a robot.
Physical agency
However, for many laymen, if a machine looks anthropomorphic or zoomorphic (e.g. ASIMO and Aibo), especially if it is limb-like (e.g. a simple robot arm), or has limbs, or can move around, it would be called a robot.
For example, even if the following examples used the same control architecture:
A player piano is rarely characterized as a robot, a CNC milling machine is very occasionally characterized as a robot. A factory automation arm is almost always characterized as a robot or an industrial robot.
An autonomous wheeled or tracked device, such as a self-guided rover or self-guided vehicle, is almost always characterized as a robot, a mobile robot or a service robot.
A zoomorphic mechanical toy, like Roboraptor, is usually characterized as a robot.
A humanoid, like ASIMO, is almost always characterized as a robot or a service robot.
Interestingly, while a 3-axis CNC milling machine may have a very similar or identical control system to a robot arm, it is the arm which is almost always called a robot, while the CNC machine is usually just a machine. Having a limb can make all the difference. Having eyes too gives people a sense that a machine is aware (the eyes are the windows of the soul). However, simply being anthropomorphic is not sufficient for something to be called a robot. A robot must do something, whether it is useful work or not. So, for example, a rubber dog chew, shaped like ASIMO, would not be considered a robot.
Official definitions and classifications of robots
Robotics Institute of America Countries have different definitions of what it means to be a robot. For example, the Robotics Institute of America (RIA) defines a robot as:
A re-programmable multi-functional manipulator designed to move materials, parts, tools, or specialized devices through variable programmed motions for the performance of a variety of tasks. And also recognizes four classes of robot:
A: Handling devices with manual control
B: Automated handling devices with predetermined cycles
C: Programmable, servo-controlled robots with continuous of point-to-point trajectories
D: Capable of Type C specifications, and also acquires information from the environment for intelligent motion.
Japanese Industrial Robot Association
In contrast, the Japanese Industrial Robot Association (JIRA) recognizes as many as six classes:
1: Manual - Handling Devices actuated by an operator
2: Fixed Sequence Robot
3: Variable-Sequence Robot with easily modified sequence of control
4: Playback Robot, which can record a motion for later playback
5: Numerical Control Robots with a movement program to teach it tasks manually
6: Intelligent robot: that can understand its environment and able to complete the task despite changes in the operation conditions
International Standards Organization
Such variation makes it difficult to compare numbers of robots in different countries. Japan has so many robots partly because it counts more machines as robots. For this reason, the International Standards Organization gives a single definition to be used when counting the number of robots in each country.[14] International standard ISO 8373 defines a "robot" as:
An automatically controlled, reprogrammable, multipurpose, manipulator programmable in three or more axes, which may be either fixed in place or mobile for use in industrial automation applications.
Other definitions of robot
There is no one definition of robot which satisfies everyone, and many people have their own. For example,
Joseph Engelberger, a pioneer in industrial robotics, once remarked:
I can't define a robot, but I know one when I see one.
The Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary defines "robot" as:
A machine used to perform jobs automatically, which is controlled by a computer.
Etymology
A scene from Karel Čapek's 1920 play R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal Robots), showing three robots.
The word robot was introduced by Czech writer Karel Čapek in his play R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal Robots), which premiered in 1920. The play begins in a factory that makes 'artificial people' - they are called robots, but are closer to the modern idea of androids or even clones, creatures who can be mistaken for humans. They can plainly think for themselves, though they seem happy to serve. At issue is whether the "Robots" are being exploited and, if so, what follows? (see also Robots in literature for details of the play)[19]
However, Karel Čapek was not the originator of the word; he wrote a short letter in reference to an article in the Oxford English Dictionary etymology in which he named his brother, painter and writer Josef Čapek, as its actual inventor.[20] In an article in the Czech journal Lidové noviny in 1933, he also explained that he had originally wanted to call the creatures laboři (from Latin labor, work). However, he did not like the word, seeing it as too artificial, and sought advice from his brother Josef, who suggested "roboti".
The word robot comes from the word robota meaning literally serf labor, and, figuratively, "drudgery" or "hard work" in Czech, Slovak and Polish. The origin of the word is the Old Church Slavonic rabota "servitude" ("work" in contemporary Russian), which in turn comes from the Indo-European root *orbh-. Robot is cognate with the German word Arbeiter (worker).
History
Cadmus Sowing the Dragon's teeth, by Maxfield Parrish, 1908
Ancient developments
The idea of artificial people dates at least as far back as the ancient legends of Cadmus, who sowed dragon teeth that turned into soldiers, and the myth of Pygmalion, whose statue of Galatea came to life. In Greek mythology, the deformed god of metalwork (Vulcan or Hephaestus) created mechanical servants, ranging from intelligent, golden handmaidens to more utilitarian three-legged tables that could move about under their own power, and the robot Talos defended Crete. Medieval Persian alchemist Jabir ibn Hayyan included recipes for creating artificial snakes, scorpions, and humans in his coded Book of Stones. Jewish legend tells of the Golem, a clay creature animated by Kabbalistic magic. Similarly, in the Younger Edda, Norse mythology tells of a clay giant, Mökkurkálfi or Mistcalf, constructed to aid the troll Hrungnir in a duel with Thor, the God of Thunder.
In ancient China, a curious account on automata is found in the Lie Zi text, written in the 3rd century BC. Within it there is a description of a much earlier encounter between King Mu of Zhou (1023 BC|1023]]-957 BC) and a mechanical engineer known as Yan Shi, an 'artificer'. The latter proudly presented the king with a life-size, human-shaped figure of his mechanical handiwork.
The king stared at the figure in astonishment. It walked with rapid strides, moving its head up and down, so that anyone would have taken it for a live human being. The artificer touched its chin, and it began singing, perfectly in tune. He touched its hand, and it began posturing, keeping perfect time...As the performance was drawing to an end, the robot winked its eye and made advances to the ladies in attendance, whereupon the king became incensed and would have had Yen Shih [Yan Shi] executed on the spot had not the latter, in mortal fear, instantly taken the robot to pieces to let him see what it really was. And, indeed, it turned out to be only a construction of leather, wood, glue and lacquer, variously coloured white, black, red and blue. Examining it closely, the king found all the internal organs complete—liver, gall, heart, lungs, spleen, kidneys, stomach and intestines; and over these again, muscles, bones and limbs with their joints, skin, teeth and hair, all of them artificial...The king tried the effect of taking away the heart, and found that the mouth could no longer speak; he took away the liver and the eyes could no longer see; he took away the kidneys and the legs lost their power of locomotion. The king was delighted.
Concepts akin to a robot can be found as long ago as the 4th century BC, when the Greek mathematician Archytas of Tarentum postulated a mechanical bird he called "The Pigeon" which was propelled by steam. Yet another early automaton was the clepsydra, made in 250 BC by Ctesibius of Alexandria, a physicist and inventor from Ptolemaic Egypt. Hero of Alexandria (10-70 AD) made numerous innovations in the field of automata, including one that allegedly could speak.
Al-Jazari's programmable humanoid robots.
Medieval developments
Al-Jazari (1136-1206), an Arab Muslim inventor during the Artuqid dynasty, designed and constructed a number of automatic machines, including kitchen appliances, musical automata powered by water, and the first programmable humanoid robot in 1206. Al-Jazari's robot was a boat with four automatic musicians that floated on a lake to entertain guests at royal drinking parties. His mechanism had a programmable drum machine with pegs (cams) that bump into little levers that operate the percussion. The drummer could be made to play different rhythms and different drum patterns by moving the pegs to different locations.
One of the first recorded designs of a humanoid robot was made by Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) in around 1495. Da Vinci's notebooks, rediscovered in the 1950s, contain detailed drawings of a mechanical knight able to sit up, wave its arms and move its head and jaw. The design is likely to be based on his anatomical research recorded in the Vitruvian Man. It is not known whether he attempted to build the robot (see: Leonardo's robot).
Early modern developments
An early automaton was created 1738 by Jacques de Vaucanson, who created a mechanical duck that was able to eat and digest grain, flap its wings, and excrete.
The Japanese craftsman Hisashige Tanaka, known as "Japan's Edison," created an array of extremely complex mechanical toys, some of which were capable of serving tea, firing arrows drawn from a quiver, or even painting a Japanese kanji character. The landmark text Karakuri Zui (Illustrated Machinery) was published in 1796. (T. N. Hornyak, Loving the Machine: The Art and Science of Japanese Robots [New York: Kodansha International, 2006])
In 1898 Nikola Tesla publicly demonstrated a radio-controlled (teleoperated) boat, similar to a modern ROV. Based on his patents U.S. Patent 613,809 , U.S. Patent 723,188 and U.S. Patent 725,605 for "teleautomation", Tesla hoped to develop the "wireless torpedo" into a weapon system for the US Navy. (Cheney 1989) See also the PBS website article (with photos): Tesla - Master of Lightning
Modern Developments
In the 1930s, Westinghouse Electric Corporation made a humanoid robot known as Elektro, exhibited at the 1939 and 1940 World's Fairs.
The first electronic autonomous robots were created by William Grey Walter of the Burden Neurological Institute at Bristol, England in 1948 and 1949. They were named Elmer and Elsie. These robots could sense light and contact with external objects, and use these stimuli to navigate.
The first truly modern robot, digitally operated, programmable, and teachable, was invented by George Devol in 1954 and was ultimately called the Unimate. It is worth noting that not a single patent was cited against his original robotics patent (U.S. Patent 2,988,237 ). The first Unimate was personally sold by Devol to General Motors in 1960 and installed in 1961 in a plant in Trenton, New Jersey to lift hot pieces of metal from a die casting machine and stack them.
Robot Fatalities
The first human to be killed by a robot was Robert Williams who died at a casting plant in Flat Rock, MI (Jan. 25, 1979).
A better known case is that of 37 year-old Kenji Urada, a Japanese factory worker, in 1981. Urada was performing routine maintenance on the robot, but neglected to shut it down properly, and was accidentally pushed into a grinding machine.
Timeline
Date Significance Robot Name Inventor
Third century B.C.
Automata activated by clocks at preset times Ctesibius of Alexandria
Third century B.C.
During a parade organized by Ptolemy II Philadelphus, a statue of Nysa could stand up by itself from a sitting position, pour libations of milk and sit down again. Ctesibius of Alexandria?
First century A.D.
In two works (Pneumatica and Automata) Heron of Alexandria describes many machines and automata (mainly from previous sources) Ctesibius of Alexandria, Philo of Byzantium, Heron of Alexandria
1206
First programmable humanoid robot
mechanical boat with four automatic musicians
Al-Jazari
~1495
One of the first recorded designs of a humanoid robot mechanical knight
Leonardo da Vinci
1738
Early automaton, a mechanical duck that was able to eat grain, flap its wings, and excrete.
Jacques de Vaucanson
1920
Word robot coined. [27]
Josef Čapek
1921
The term "robot" used in a play called "R.U.R." or "Rossum's Universal Robots" Karel Čapek
1930s
Early humanoid robot. It was exhibited at the 1939 and 1940 World's Fairs
Elektro
Westinghouse Electric Corporation
1942
The word robotics appears in the science fiction short story Runaround.[28]
Isaac Asimov
1948
Simple robots which exhibit biological like behaviours.[29]
Elsie and Elmer William Grey Walter
1954
Patent submitted for first digitally controlled robot and first teachable robot, (U.S. Patent 2,988,237 )
George Devol
1956
First robot company, Unimation, is founded by George Devol and Joseph Engelberger based on Devol's seminal patents; first commercial robot.[30]
Unimate
George Devol
1956
Phrase artificial intelligence is coined at a conference in Dartmouth, Massachusetts.[31]
Marvin Minsky and John McCarthy
1961
First industrial robot installed. Unimate
1963
First Palletizing Robot. Fuji Yusoki Kogyo
1975
Programmable Universal Manipulation Arm (a Unimation product) Programmable Universal Machine for Assembly
Victor Scheinman
1981
Kenji Urada, a Japanese factory worker, is killed by a robot.[32]
2000
A humanoid robot that can recognize human faces, see stereoscopically, walk and run on different types of ground (including stairs), and respond (in words and in actions) to English and Japanese commands. ASIMO
Honda Corporation
Contemporary uses
Robots can be placed into roughly two categories based on the type of job they do:
Jobs which a robot can do better than a human. Here, robots can increase productivity, accuracy, and endurance.Jobs which a human could do better than a robot, but it is desirable to remove the human for some reason. Here, robots free us from dirty, dangerous and dull tasks.
Increased productivity, accuracy, and endurance
Jobs which require speed, accuracy, reliability or endurance can be performed far better by a robot than a human. Hence many jobs in factories which were traditionally performed by people are now robotized. This has led to cheaper mass-produced goods, including automobiles and electronics. Robots have now been working in factories for more than fifty years, ever since the Unimate robot was installed to automatically remove hot metal from a die casting machine. Since then, factory automation in the form of large stationary manipulators has become the largest market for robots. The number of installed robots has grown faster and faster, and today there are more than 800,000 worldwide (42% in Japan, 40% in the European Union and 18% in the USA).
Some examples of factory robots:
Car production:
This is now the primary example of factory automation. Over the last three decades automobile factories have become dominated by robots. A typical factory contains hundreds of industrial robots working on fully automated production lines - one robot for every ten human workers. On an automated production line a vehicle chassis is taken along a conveyor to be welded, glued, painted and finally assembled by a sequence of robot stations.
Packaging:
Industrial robots are also used extensively for palletizing and packaging of manufactured goods, for example taking drink cartons from the end of a conveyor belt and placing them rapidly into boxes, or the loading and unloading of machining centers.
Electronics: Mass produced printed circuit boards (PCBs) are almost exclusively manufactured by pick and place robots, typically with "SCARA" manipulators, which remove tiny electronic components from strips or trays, and place them on to PCBs with great accuracy. Such robots can place several components per second (tens of thousands per hour), far out-performing a human in terms of speed, accuracy, and reliability.
Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs):
Mobile robots, following markers or wires in the floor, or using vision or lasers, are used to transport goods around large facilities, such as warehouses, container ports, or hospitals. Early AGV-style robots were limited to tasks that could be accurately defined and must be performed the same every time. Very little feedback or intelligence was required, and the robots may need only the most basic of exteroceptors to sense things in their environment, if any at all. However, newer AGV's, such as the Speci-Minder, ADAM,Tug, and PatrolBot Gofer qualify under the JIRA definition of "Intelligent Robots". They use some form of natural features recognition to navigate. Scanning lasers, stereovision or other means of sensing the environment in two- or three-dimensions is combined with standard dead-reckoning calculations in a probabilistic manner to continuously update the AGV's current location, eliminating cumulative error. This means that the "Self-Guided Vehicle" or SGV can navigate a space autonomously once it has learned it or been provided with a map of it. Such new robots are able to operate in complex environments and perform non-repetitive and non-sequential tasks such as carrying tires to presses in factories, delivering masks in a semi-conductor lab, delivering specimens in hospitals and delivering goods in warehouses.
Dirty, dangerous, dull or inaccessible tasks
The Roomba domestic vacuum cleaner robot does a menial job
There are many jobs which a human could perform better than a robot but for one reason or another the human either does not want to do it or cannot be present to do the job. The job may be too boring to bother with, for example domestic cleaning; or be too dangerous, for example exploring inside a volcano[43]. These jobs are known as the "dull, dirty, and dangerous" jobs. Other jobs are physically inaccessible. For example, exploring another planet[44], cleaning the inside of a long pipe or performing laparoscopic surgery.[45]
Robots in the home: As their price falls, and their performance and computational ability rises[46], making them both affordable and sufficiently autonomous, robots are increasingly being seen in the home where they are taking on simple but unwanted jobs, such as vacuum cleaning, floor cleaning and lawn mowing. While they have been on the market for several years, 2006 saw an explosion in the number of domestic robots sold. Currently, more domestic robots have been sold than any other single type of robot.[47] They tend to be relatively autonomous, usually only requiring a command to begin their job. They then proceed to go about their business in their own way. At such, they display a good deal of agency, and are considered true robots.
Telerobots:
When a human cannot be present on site to perform a job because it is dangerous, far away, or inaccessible, teleoperated robots, or telerobots are used. Rather than following a predetermined sequence of movements a telerobot is controlled from a distance by a human operator. The robot may be in another room or another country, or may be on a very different scale to the operator. A laparoscopic surgery robot such as da Vinci allows the surgeon to work inside a human patient on a relatively small scale compared to open surgery, significantly shortening recovery time. An interesting use of a telerobot is by the author Margaret Atwood, who has recently started using a robot pen (the Longpen) to sign books remotely. The Longpen is similar to the Autopen of the 1800s. This saves the financial cost and physical inconvenience of traveling to book signings around the world. At the other end of the spectrum, iRobot ConnectR robot is designed to be used by anyone to stay in touch with family or friends from far away. Such telerobots may be little more advanced than radio controlled cars. Some people do not consider them to be true robots because they show little or no agency of their own.
Military robots:
Teleoperated robot aircraft, like the Predator Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, are increasingly being used by the military. These robots can be controlled from anywhere in the world allowing an army to search terrain, and even fire on targets, without endangering those in control. Many of these robots are teleoperated, but others are being developed that can make decisions automatically; choosing where to fly or selecting and engaging enemy targets. Hundreds of robots such as iRobot's Packbot and the Foster-Miller TALON are being used in Iraq and Afghanistan by the U.S. military to defuse roadside bombs or improvised explosive devices (IEDs) in an activity known as Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD). Autonomous robots such as MDARS and Seekur are being developed to perform security and surveillance tasks at military facilities to address manpower shortages as well as keeping troops out of harm's way.
Elder Care:
The population is aging in many countries, especially Japan, meaning that there are increasing numbers of elderly people to care for but relatively fewer young people to care for them.[52][53] Humans make the best carers, but where they are unavailable, robots are gradually being introduced.[54] One robot in use today, Intouchhealth's RP-7 remote presence robot, is being used by doctors to communicate with patients, allowing the doctor to be anywhere in the world. This increases the number of patients a doctor can monitor.
Unusual Robots
Much of the research in robotics focuses not on specific industrial tasks, but on investigations into new types of robot, alternative ways to think about or design robots, and new ways to manufacture them. It is expected that these new types of robot will be able to solve real world problems when they are finally realised.
Nanorobots:
Nanorobotics is the still largely hypothetical technology of creating machines or robots at or close to the scale of a nanometre (10-9 metres). Also known as nanobots or nanites, they would be constructed from molecular machines. So far, researchers have mostly produced only parts of these complex systems, such as bearings, sensors, and Synthetic molecular motors, but functioning robots have also been made such as the entrants to the Nanobot Robocup contest. Researchers also hope to be able to create entire robots as small as viruses or bacteria, which could perform tasks on a tiny scale. Possible applications include micro surgery (on the level of individual cells), utility fog, manufacturing, weaponry and cleaning. Some people have suggested that if nanobots were made which could reproduce, they could have serious negative consequences, turning the earth into grey goo, while others argue that this is nonsense.
Soft Robots:
Most robots, indeed most man made machines of any kind, are made from hard, stiff materials; especially metal and plastic. This is in contrast to most natural organisms, which are mostly soft tissues. This difference has not been lost on robotic engineers, and some are trying to create robots from soft materials (rubber, foam, gel), soft actuators (air muscles, electroactive polymers, ferrofluids), and exhibiting soft behaviours (fuzzy logic, neural networks).[61] Such robots are expected to look, feel, and behave differently from traditional hard robots.
Reconfigurable Robots:
A few researchers have investigated the possibility of creating robots which can alter their physical form to suit a particular task,[62] like the fictional T-1000. Real robots are nowhere near that sophisticated however, and mostly consist of a small number of cube shaped units, which can move relative to their neighbours, for example SuperBot. Algorithms have been designed in case any such robots become a reality.[63]
Swarm robots:
Inspired by colonies of insects such as ants and bees, researchers hope to create very large swarms (thousands) of tiny robots which together perform a useful task, such as finding something hidden, cleaning, or spying. Each robot would be quite simple, but the emergent behaviour of the swarm would be more complex. The whole set of robots can be considered as one single distributed system, in the same way an ant colony can be considered a superorganism. They would exhibit swarm intelligence. The largest swarms so far created include the iRobot swarm, and the Open-source micro-robotic project swarm, which are being used to research collective behaviours. Swarms are also more resistant to failure. Whereas one large robot may fail and ruin the whole mission, the swarm can continue even if several robots fail. This makes them attractive for space exploration missions, where failure can be extremely costly.
Evolutionary Robots:
Is a methodology that uses evolutionary computation to help design robots, especially the body form, or motion and behaviour controllers. In a similar way to natural evolution, a large population of robots is allowed to compete in some way, or their ability to perform a task is measured using a fitness function. Those that perform worst are removed from the population, and replaced by a new set, which have new behaviours based on those of the winners. Over time the population improves, and eventually a satisfactory robot may appear. This happens without any direct programming of the robots by the researchers. Researchers use this method both to create better robots, and to explore the nature of evolution. Because the process often requires many generations of robots to be simulated, this technique may be run entirely or mostly in simulation, then tested on real robots once the evolved algorithms are good enough.
Virtual Reality:
Robotics has also application in the design of virtual reality interfaces. Specialized robots are in widespread use in the haptic research community. These robots, called "haptic interfaces" allow touch-enabled user interaction with real and virtual environments. Robotic forces allow simulating the mechanical properties of "virtual" objects, which users can experience through their sense of touch.
Dangers and fears
Although current robots are not believed to have developed to the stage where they pose any threat or danger to society, fears and concerns about robots have been repeatedly expressed in a wide range of books and films. The principal theme is the robots' intelligence and ability to act could exceed that of humans, that they could develop a conscience and a motivation to take over or destroy the human race. Robots would be dangerous if they were programmed to kill or if they are programmed to be so smart that they make their own software, build their own hardware to upgrade themselves or if they change their own source code.
Frankenstein (1818), sometimes called the first science fiction novel, has become synonymous with the theme of a robot or monster advancing beyond its creator. Probably the best known author to have worked in this area is Isaac Asimov who placed robots and their interaction with society at the center of many of his works. Of particular interest are Asimov's Three Laws of Robotics. Currently, malicious programming or unsafe use of robots may be the biggest danger. Although industrial robots may be smaller and less powerful than other industrial machines, they are just as capable of inflicting severe injury on humans. However, since a robot can be programmed to move in different trajectories depending on its task, its movement can be unpredictable for a person standing in its reach. Therefore, most industrial robots operate inside a security fence which separates them from human workers. Manuel De Landa has theorized that humans are at a critical and significant juncture where humans have allowed robots, "smart missiles," and autonomous bombs equipped with artificial perception to make decisions about killing us. He believes this represents an important and dangerous trend where humans are transferring more of our cognitive structures into our machines.[73] Even without malicious programming, a robot, especially a future model moving freely in a human environment, is potentially dangerous because of its large moving masses, powerful actuators and unpredictably complex behavior. A robot falling on someone or just stepping on his foot by mistake could cause much more damage to the victim than a human being of the same size. Designing and programming robots to be intrinsically safe and to exhibit safe behavior in a human environment is one of the great challenges in robotics. Some theorists, such as Eliezer Yudkowsky, have suggested that developing a robot with a powerful conscience may be the most prudent course of action in this regard.
Literature
Robots have frequently appeared as characters in works of literature; the word robot comes from Karel Čapek's play R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal Robots), premiered in 1920. Isaac Asimov wrote many volumes of science fiction focusing on robots in numerous forms and guises, contributing greatly to reducing the Frankenstein complex, which dominated early works of fiction involving robots. His three laws of robotics have become particularly well known for codifying a simple set of behaviors for robots to remain at the service of their human creators.
The first reference in Western literature to mechanical servants appears in The Iliad of Homer. In Book XVIII, Hephaestus, god of fire, creates new armour for the hero Achilles. He is assisted by robots. According to the Rieu translation, "Golden maidservants hastened to help their master. They looked like real women and could not only speak and use their limbs but were endowed with intelligence and trained in handwork by the immortal gods." Of course, the words "robot" or "android" are not used to describe them, but they are nevertheless mechanical devices human in appearance.
Numerous words for different types of robots are now used in literature. Robot has come to mean mechanical humans, while android is a generic term for artificial humans. Cyborg or "bionic man" is used for a human form that is a mixture of organic and mechanical parts. Organic artificial humans have also been referred to as "constructs" (or "biological constructs").
In science fiction, the Three Laws of Robotics are a set of three rules written by Isaac Asimov, which almost all positronic robots appearing in his fiction must obey. Introduced in his 1942 short story "Runaround", although foreshadowed in a few earlier stories, the Laws state the following:
A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm.
A robot must obey orders given to it by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the First Law.
A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law.
Later, Asimov added the Zeroth Law: "A robot may not harm humanity, or, by inaction, allow humanity to come to harm"; the rest of the laws are modified sequentially to acknowledge this.
According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the first passage in Asimov's short story "Liar!" (1941) that mentions the First Law is the earliest recorded use of the word robotics.[1] Asimov was not initially aware of this; he assumed the word already existed by analogy with mechanics, hydraulics, and other similar terms denoting branches of applied knowledge.]
Competitions
Botball is a LEGO-based competition between fully autonomous robots. There are two divisions. The first is for high-school and middle-school students, and the second (called "Beyond Botball") is for anyone who chooses to compete at the national tournament. Teams build, program, and blog about a robot for five weeks before they compete at the regional level. Winners are awarded scholarships to register for and travel to the national tournament. Botball is a project of the KISS Institute for Practical Robotics, based in Norman, Oklahoma.
The FIRST Robotics Competition (FRC) is a multinational competition that teams professionals and young people to solve an engineering design problem. These teams of mentors (corporate, teachers, or college students) and high school students collaborate in order to design and build a robot in six weeks. This robot is designed to play a game that is developed by FIRST and changes from year to year. FIRST, or For Inspiration and Recognition of Science and Technology, is an organization founded by inventor Dean Kamen in 1992 as a way of getting high school students involved in and excited about engineering and technology.
The FIRST Vex Challenge (FVC) is a mid-level robotics competition targeted toward high-school aged students. It offers the traditional challenge of a FIRST competition but with a more accessible and affordable robotics kit. The ultimate goal of FVC is to reach more young people with a lower-cost, more accessible opportunity to discover the excitement and rewards of science, technology, and engineering.
FIRST LEGO League (also known by its acronym FLL) is a robotics competition for elementary and middle school students (ages 9-14, 9-16 in Europe), arranged by FIRST. Each year the contest focuses on a different topic related to the sciences. Each challenge within the competition then revolves around that theme. The students then work out solutions to the various problems that they're given and meet for regional tournaments to share their knowledge and show off their ideas.
Competitions for robots are gaining popularity and competitions now exist catering for a wide variety of robot builders ranging from schools to research institutions. Robots compete at a wide range of tasks including combat, fire-fighting [75], playing games [76], maze solving, performing tasks [77] and navigational exercises (eg. DARPA Grand Challenge).
A contest for fire-fighting is the Trinity College Fire-Fighting Robot Contest.[78] The competition in April 2007 was the 14th annual. There are many different divisions for all skill levels. Robots in the competition are encouraged to find new ways to navigate through the rooms, put out the candle and save the "child" from the building. Robots can be composed of any materials, but must fit within certain size restrictions.
Most recently, Duke University announced plans to host the Duke Annual Robo-Climb Competition aimed to challenge students to create innovative wall-climbing robots that can autonomously ascend vertical surfaces.[79]
Since 2004, DARPA Grand Challenge tests driverless cars in an obstacle course across the desert.
While there is still discussion about which machines qualify as robots, a typical robot will have several, though not necessarily all of the following.
Properties:
Is not 'natural' i.e. artificially created
Can sense its environment, and manipulate or interact with things in it
Has some degree of intelligence or ability to make choices based on the environment, or Automatic control / preprogrammed sequence
Is programmable
Moves with one or more axes of rotation or translation
Makes dexterous coordinated movements
Appears to have intent or agency (reification, anthropomorphisation )
Defining characteristics
The last property (above), the appearance of agency, is important when people are considering whether to call a machine a robot. In general, the more a machine has the appearance of agency, the more it is considered a robot.
Mental agency
For robotic engineers, the physical appearance of a machine is less important than the way its actions are controlled.[6] The more the control system seems to have agency of its own, the more likely the machine is to be called a robot. An important feature of agency is the ability to make choices. So the more a machine could feasibly choose to do something different, the more agency it has. For example:
a clockwork car is never considered a robot[7]
a remotely operated vehicle is sometimes considered a robot[8] (or telerobot).
a car with an onboard computer, like Bigtrak, which could drive in a programmable sequence might be called a robot.
a self-controlled car, like the 1990s driverless cars of Ernst Dickmanns, or the entries to the DARPA Grand Challenge, which could sense its environment, and make driving decisions based on this information would quite likely be called robot.
a sentient car, like the fictional KITT, which can take decisions, navigate freely and converse fluently with a human, is usually considered a robot.
Physical agency
However, for many laymen, if a machine looks anthropomorphic or zoomorphic (e.g. ASIMO and Aibo), especially if it is limb-like (e.g. a simple robot arm), or has limbs, or can move around, it would be called a robot.
For example, even if the following examples used the same control architecture:
A player piano is rarely characterized as a robot, a CNC milling machine is very occasionally characterized as a robot. A factory automation arm is almost always characterized as a robot or an industrial robot.
An autonomous wheeled or tracked device, such as a self-guided rover or self-guided vehicle, is almost always characterized as a robot, a mobile robot or a service robot.
A zoomorphic mechanical toy, like Roboraptor, is usually characterized as a robot.
A humanoid, like ASIMO, is almost always characterized as a robot or a service robot.
Interestingly, while a 3-axis CNC milling machine may have a very similar or identical control system to a robot arm, it is the arm which is almost always called a robot, while the CNC machine is usually just a machine. Having a limb can make all the difference. Having eyes too gives people a sense that a machine is aware (the eyes are the windows of the soul). However, simply being anthropomorphic is not sufficient for something to be called a robot. A robot must do something, whether it is useful work or not. So, for example, a rubber dog chew, shaped like ASIMO, would not be considered a robot.
Official definitions and classifications of robots
Robotics Institute of America Countries have different definitions of what it means to be a robot. For example, the Robotics Institute of America (RIA) defines a robot as:
A re-programmable multi-functional manipulator designed to move materials, parts, tools, or specialized devices through variable programmed motions for the performance of a variety of tasks. And also recognizes four classes of robot:
A: Handling devices with manual control
B: Automated handling devices with predetermined cycles
C: Programmable, servo-controlled robots with continuous of point-to-point trajectories
D: Capable of Type C specifications, and also acquires information from the environment for intelligent motion.
Japanese Industrial Robot Association
In contrast, the Japanese Industrial Robot Association (JIRA) recognizes as many as six classes:
1: Manual - Handling Devices actuated by an operator
2: Fixed Sequence Robot
3: Variable-Sequence Robot with easily modified sequence of control
4: Playback Robot, which can record a motion for later playback
5: Numerical Control Robots with a movement program to teach it tasks manually
6: Intelligent robot: that can understand its environment and able to complete the task despite changes in the operation conditions
International Standards Organization
Such variation makes it difficult to compare numbers of robots in different countries. Japan has so many robots partly because it counts more machines as robots. For this reason, the International Standards Organization gives a single definition to be used when counting the number of robots in each country.[14] International standard ISO 8373 defines a "robot" as:
An automatically controlled, reprogrammable, multipurpose, manipulator programmable in three or more axes, which may be either fixed in place or mobile for use in industrial automation applications.
Other definitions of robot
There is no one definition of robot which satisfies everyone, and many people have their own. For example,
Joseph Engelberger, a pioneer in industrial robotics, once remarked:
I can't define a robot, but I know one when I see one.
The Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary defines "robot" as:
A machine used to perform jobs automatically, which is controlled by a computer.
Etymology
A scene from Karel Čapek's 1920 play R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal Robots), showing three robots.
The word robot was introduced by Czech writer Karel Čapek in his play R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal Robots), which premiered in 1920. The play begins in a factory that makes 'artificial people' - they are called robots, but are closer to the modern idea of androids or even clones, creatures who can be mistaken for humans. They can plainly think for themselves, though they seem happy to serve. At issue is whether the "Robots" are being exploited and, if so, what follows? (see also Robots in literature for details of the play)[19]
However, Karel Čapek was not the originator of the word; he wrote a short letter in reference to an article in the Oxford English Dictionary etymology in which he named his brother, painter and writer Josef Čapek, as its actual inventor.[20] In an article in the Czech journal Lidové noviny in 1933, he also explained that he had originally wanted to call the creatures laboři (from Latin labor, work). However, he did not like the word, seeing it as too artificial, and sought advice from his brother Josef, who suggested "roboti".
The word robot comes from the word robota meaning literally serf labor, and, figuratively, "drudgery" or "hard work" in Czech, Slovak and Polish. The origin of the word is the Old Church Slavonic rabota "servitude" ("work" in contemporary Russian), which in turn comes from the Indo-European root *orbh-. Robot is cognate with the German word Arbeiter (worker).
History
Cadmus Sowing the Dragon's teeth, by Maxfield Parrish, 1908
Ancient developments
The idea of artificial people dates at least as far back as the ancient legends of Cadmus, who sowed dragon teeth that turned into soldiers, and the myth of Pygmalion, whose statue of Galatea came to life. In Greek mythology, the deformed god of metalwork (Vulcan or Hephaestus) created mechanical servants, ranging from intelligent, golden handmaidens to more utilitarian three-legged tables that could move about under their own power, and the robot Talos defended Crete. Medieval Persian alchemist Jabir ibn Hayyan included recipes for creating artificial snakes, scorpions, and humans in his coded Book of Stones. Jewish legend tells of the Golem, a clay creature animated by Kabbalistic magic. Similarly, in the Younger Edda, Norse mythology tells of a clay giant, Mökkurkálfi or Mistcalf, constructed to aid the troll Hrungnir in a duel with Thor, the God of Thunder.
In ancient China, a curious account on automata is found in the Lie Zi text, written in the 3rd century BC. Within it there is a description of a much earlier encounter between King Mu of Zhou (1023 BC|1023]]-957 BC) and a mechanical engineer known as Yan Shi, an 'artificer'. The latter proudly presented the king with a life-size, human-shaped figure of his mechanical handiwork.
The king stared at the figure in astonishment. It walked with rapid strides, moving its head up and down, so that anyone would have taken it for a live human being. The artificer touched its chin, and it began singing, perfectly in tune. He touched its hand, and it began posturing, keeping perfect time...As the performance was drawing to an end, the robot winked its eye and made advances to the ladies in attendance, whereupon the king became incensed and would have had Yen Shih [Yan Shi] executed on the spot had not the latter, in mortal fear, instantly taken the robot to pieces to let him see what it really was. And, indeed, it turned out to be only a construction of leather, wood, glue and lacquer, variously coloured white, black, red and blue. Examining it closely, the king found all the internal organs complete—liver, gall, heart, lungs, spleen, kidneys, stomach and intestines; and over these again, muscles, bones and limbs with their joints, skin, teeth and hair, all of them artificial...The king tried the effect of taking away the heart, and found that the mouth could no longer speak; he took away the liver and the eyes could no longer see; he took away the kidneys and the legs lost their power of locomotion. The king was delighted.
Concepts akin to a robot can be found as long ago as the 4th century BC, when the Greek mathematician Archytas of Tarentum postulated a mechanical bird he called "The Pigeon" which was propelled by steam. Yet another early automaton was the clepsydra, made in 250 BC by Ctesibius of Alexandria, a physicist and inventor from Ptolemaic Egypt. Hero of Alexandria (10-70 AD) made numerous innovations in the field of automata, including one that allegedly could speak.
Al-Jazari's programmable humanoid robots.
Medieval developments
Al-Jazari (1136-1206), an Arab Muslim inventor during the Artuqid dynasty, designed and constructed a number of automatic machines, including kitchen appliances, musical automata powered by water, and the first programmable humanoid robot in 1206. Al-Jazari's robot was a boat with four automatic musicians that floated on a lake to entertain guests at royal drinking parties. His mechanism had a programmable drum machine with pegs (cams) that bump into little levers that operate the percussion. The drummer could be made to play different rhythms and different drum patterns by moving the pegs to different locations.
One of the first recorded designs of a humanoid robot was made by Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) in around 1495. Da Vinci's notebooks, rediscovered in the 1950s, contain detailed drawings of a mechanical knight able to sit up, wave its arms and move its head and jaw. The design is likely to be based on his anatomical research recorded in the Vitruvian Man. It is not known whether he attempted to build the robot (see: Leonardo's robot).
Early modern developments
An early automaton was created 1738 by Jacques de Vaucanson, who created a mechanical duck that was able to eat and digest grain, flap its wings, and excrete.
The Japanese craftsman Hisashige Tanaka, known as "Japan's Edison," created an array of extremely complex mechanical toys, some of which were capable of serving tea, firing arrows drawn from a quiver, or even painting a Japanese kanji character. The landmark text Karakuri Zui (Illustrated Machinery) was published in 1796. (T. N. Hornyak, Loving the Machine: The Art and Science of Japanese Robots [New York: Kodansha International, 2006])
In 1898 Nikola Tesla publicly demonstrated a radio-controlled (teleoperated) boat, similar to a modern ROV. Based on his patents U.S. Patent 613,809 , U.S. Patent 723,188 and U.S. Patent 725,605 for "teleautomation", Tesla hoped to develop the "wireless torpedo" into a weapon system for the US Navy. (Cheney 1989) See also the PBS website article (with photos): Tesla - Master of Lightning
Modern Developments
In the 1930s, Westinghouse Electric Corporation made a humanoid robot known as Elektro, exhibited at the 1939 and 1940 World's Fairs.
The first electronic autonomous robots were created by William Grey Walter of the Burden Neurological Institute at Bristol, England in 1948 and 1949. They were named Elmer and Elsie. These robots could sense light and contact with external objects, and use these stimuli to navigate.
The first truly modern robot, digitally operated, programmable, and teachable, was invented by George Devol in 1954 and was ultimately called the Unimate. It is worth noting that not a single patent was cited against his original robotics patent (U.S. Patent 2,988,237 ). The first Unimate was personally sold by Devol to General Motors in 1960 and installed in 1961 in a plant in Trenton, New Jersey to lift hot pieces of metal from a die casting machine and stack them.
Robot Fatalities
The first human to be killed by a robot was Robert Williams who died at a casting plant in Flat Rock, MI (Jan. 25, 1979).
A better known case is that of 37 year-old Kenji Urada, a Japanese factory worker, in 1981. Urada was performing routine maintenance on the robot, but neglected to shut it down properly, and was accidentally pushed into a grinding machine.
Timeline
Date Significance Robot Name Inventor
Third century B.C.
Automata activated by clocks at preset times Ctesibius of Alexandria
Third century B.C.
During a parade organized by Ptolemy II Philadelphus, a statue of Nysa could stand up by itself from a sitting position, pour libations of milk and sit down again. Ctesibius of Alexandria?
First century A.D.
In two works (Pneumatica and Automata) Heron of Alexandria describes many machines and automata (mainly from previous sources) Ctesibius of Alexandria, Philo of Byzantium, Heron of Alexandria
1206
First programmable humanoid robot
mechanical boat with four automatic musicians
Al-Jazari
~1495
One of the first recorded designs of a humanoid robot mechanical knight
Leonardo da Vinci
1738
Early automaton, a mechanical duck that was able to eat grain, flap its wings, and excrete.
Jacques de Vaucanson
1920
Word robot coined. [27]
Josef Čapek
1921
The term "robot" used in a play called "R.U.R." or "Rossum's Universal Robots" Karel Čapek
1930s
Early humanoid robot. It was exhibited at the 1939 and 1940 World's Fairs
Elektro
Westinghouse Electric Corporation
1942
The word robotics appears in the science fiction short story Runaround.[28]
Isaac Asimov
1948
Simple robots which exhibit biological like behaviours.[29]
Elsie and Elmer William Grey Walter
1954
Patent submitted for first digitally controlled robot and first teachable robot, (U.S. Patent 2,988,237 )
George Devol
1956
First robot company, Unimation, is founded by George Devol and Joseph Engelberger based on Devol's seminal patents; first commercial robot.[30]
Unimate
George Devol
1956
Phrase artificial intelligence is coined at a conference in Dartmouth, Massachusetts.[31]
Marvin Minsky and John McCarthy
1961
First industrial robot installed. Unimate
1963
First Palletizing Robot. Fuji Yusoki Kogyo
1975
Programmable Universal Manipulation Arm (a Unimation product) Programmable Universal Machine for Assembly
Victor Scheinman
1981
Kenji Urada, a Japanese factory worker, is killed by a robot.[32]
2000
A humanoid robot that can recognize human faces, see stereoscopically, walk and run on different types of ground (including stairs), and respond (in words and in actions) to English and Japanese commands. ASIMO
Honda Corporation
Contemporary uses
Robots can be placed into roughly two categories based on the type of job they do:
Jobs which a robot can do better than a human. Here, robots can increase productivity, accuracy, and endurance.Jobs which a human could do better than a robot, but it is desirable to remove the human for some reason. Here, robots free us from dirty, dangerous and dull tasks.
Increased productivity, accuracy, and endurance
Jobs which require speed, accuracy, reliability or endurance can be performed far better by a robot than a human. Hence many jobs in factories which were traditionally performed by people are now robotized. This has led to cheaper mass-produced goods, including automobiles and electronics. Robots have now been working in factories for more than fifty years, ever since the Unimate robot was installed to automatically remove hot metal from a die casting machine. Since then, factory automation in the form of large stationary manipulators has become the largest market for robots. The number of installed robots has grown faster and faster, and today there are more than 800,000 worldwide (42% in Japan, 40% in the European Union and 18% in the USA).
Some examples of factory robots:
Car production:
This is now the primary example of factory automation. Over the last three decades automobile factories have become dominated by robots. A typical factory contains hundreds of industrial robots working on fully automated production lines - one robot for every ten human workers. On an automated production line a vehicle chassis is taken along a conveyor to be welded, glued, painted and finally assembled by a sequence of robot stations.
Packaging:
Industrial robots are also used extensively for palletizing and packaging of manufactured goods, for example taking drink cartons from the end of a conveyor belt and placing them rapidly into boxes, or the loading and unloading of machining centers.
Electronics: Mass produced printed circuit boards (PCBs) are almost exclusively manufactured by pick and place robots, typically with "SCARA" manipulators, which remove tiny electronic components from strips or trays, and place them on to PCBs with great accuracy. Such robots can place several components per second (tens of thousands per hour), far out-performing a human in terms of speed, accuracy, and reliability.
Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs):
Mobile robots, following markers or wires in the floor, or using vision or lasers, are used to transport goods around large facilities, such as warehouses, container ports, or hospitals. Early AGV-style robots were limited to tasks that could be accurately defined and must be performed the same every time. Very little feedback or intelligence was required, and the robots may need only the most basic of exteroceptors to sense things in their environment, if any at all. However, newer AGV's, such as the Speci-Minder, ADAM,Tug, and PatrolBot Gofer qualify under the JIRA definition of "Intelligent Robots". They use some form of natural features recognition to navigate. Scanning lasers, stereovision or other means of sensing the environment in two- or three-dimensions is combined with standard dead-reckoning calculations in a probabilistic manner to continuously update the AGV's current location, eliminating cumulative error. This means that the "Self-Guided Vehicle" or SGV can navigate a space autonomously once it has learned it or been provided with a map of it. Such new robots are able to operate in complex environments and perform non-repetitive and non-sequential tasks such as carrying tires to presses in factories, delivering masks in a semi-conductor lab, delivering specimens in hospitals and delivering goods in warehouses.
Dirty, dangerous, dull or inaccessible tasks
The Roomba domestic vacuum cleaner robot does a menial job
There are many jobs which a human could perform better than a robot but for one reason or another the human either does not want to do it or cannot be present to do the job. The job may be too boring to bother with, for example domestic cleaning; or be too dangerous, for example exploring inside a volcano[43]. These jobs are known as the "dull, dirty, and dangerous" jobs. Other jobs are physically inaccessible. For example, exploring another planet[44], cleaning the inside of a long pipe or performing laparoscopic surgery.[45]
Robots in the home: As their price falls, and their performance and computational ability rises[46], making them both affordable and sufficiently autonomous, robots are increasingly being seen in the home where they are taking on simple but unwanted jobs, such as vacuum cleaning, floor cleaning and lawn mowing. While they have been on the market for several years, 2006 saw an explosion in the number of domestic robots sold. Currently, more domestic robots have been sold than any other single type of robot.[47] They tend to be relatively autonomous, usually only requiring a command to begin their job. They then proceed to go about their business in their own way. At such, they display a good deal of agency, and are considered true robots.
Telerobots:
When a human cannot be present on site to perform a job because it is dangerous, far away, or inaccessible, teleoperated robots, or telerobots are used. Rather than following a predetermined sequence of movements a telerobot is controlled from a distance by a human operator. The robot may be in another room or another country, or may be on a very different scale to the operator. A laparoscopic surgery robot such as da Vinci allows the surgeon to work inside a human patient on a relatively small scale compared to open surgery, significantly shortening recovery time. An interesting use of a telerobot is by the author Margaret Atwood, who has recently started using a robot pen (the Longpen) to sign books remotely. The Longpen is similar to the Autopen of the 1800s. This saves the financial cost and physical inconvenience of traveling to book signings around the world. At the other end of the spectrum, iRobot ConnectR robot is designed to be used by anyone to stay in touch with family or friends from far away. Such telerobots may be little more advanced than radio controlled cars. Some people do not consider them to be true robots because they show little or no agency of their own.
Military robots:
Teleoperated robot aircraft, like the Predator Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, are increasingly being used by the military. These robots can be controlled from anywhere in the world allowing an army to search terrain, and even fire on targets, without endangering those in control. Many of these robots are teleoperated, but others are being developed that can make decisions automatically; choosing where to fly or selecting and engaging enemy targets. Hundreds of robots such as iRobot's Packbot and the Foster-Miller TALON are being used in Iraq and Afghanistan by the U.S. military to defuse roadside bombs or improvised explosive devices (IEDs) in an activity known as Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD). Autonomous robots such as MDARS and Seekur are being developed to perform security and surveillance tasks at military facilities to address manpower shortages as well as keeping troops out of harm's way.
Elder Care:
The population is aging in many countries, especially Japan, meaning that there are increasing numbers of elderly people to care for but relatively fewer young people to care for them.[52][53] Humans make the best carers, but where they are unavailable, robots are gradually being introduced.[54] One robot in use today, Intouchhealth's RP-7 remote presence robot, is being used by doctors to communicate with patients, allowing the doctor to be anywhere in the world. This increases the number of patients a doctor can monitor.
Unusual Robots
Much of the research in robotics focuses not on specific industrial tasks, but on investigations into new types of robot, alternative ways to think about or design robots, and new ways to manufacture them. It is expected that these new types of robot will be able to solve real world problems when they are finally realised.
Nanorobots:
Nanorobotics is the still largely hypothetical technology of creating machines or robots at or close to the scale of a nanometre (10-9 metres). Also known as nanobots or nanites, they would be constructed from molecular machines. So far, researchers have mostly produced only parts of these complex systems, such as bearings, sensors, and Synthetic molecular motors, but functioning robots have also been made such as the entrants to the Nanobot Robocup contest. Researchers also hope to be able to create entire robots as small as viruses or bacteria, which could perform tasks on a tiny scale. Possible applications include micro surgery (on the level of individual cells), utility fog, manufacturing, weaponry and cleaning. Some people have suggested that if nanobots were made which could reproduce, they could have serious negative consequences, turning the earth into grey goo, while others argue that this is nonsense.
Soft Robots:
Most robots, indeed most man made machines of any kind, are made from hard, stiff materials; especially metal and plastic. This is in contrast to most natural organisms, which are mostly soft tissues. This difference has not been lost on robotic engineers, and some are trying to create robots from soft materials (rubber, foam, gel), soft actuators (air muscles, electroactive polymers, ferrofluids), and exhibiting soft behaviours (fuzzy logic, neural networks).[61] Such robots are expected to look, feel, and behave differently from traditional hard robots.
Reconfigurable Robots:
A few researchers have investigated the possibility of creating robots which can alter their physical form to suit a particular task,[62] like the fictional T-1000. Real robots are nowhere near that sophisticated however, and mostly consist of a small number of cube shaped units, which can move relative to their neighbours, for example SuperBot. Algorithms have been designed in case any such robots become a reality.[63]
Swarm robots:
Inspired by colonies of insects such as ants and bees, researchers hope to create very large swarms (thousands) of tiny robots which together perform a useful task, such as finding something hidden, cleaning, or spying. Each robot would be quite simple, but the emergent behaviour of the swarm would be more complex. The whole set of robots can be considered as one single distributed system, in the same way an ant colony can be considered a superorganism. They would exhibit swarm intelligence. The largest swarms so far created include the iRobot swarm, and the Open-source micro-robotic project swarm, which are being used to research collective behaviours. Swarms are also more resistant to failure. Whereas one large robot may fail and ruin the whole mission, the swarm can continue even if several robots fail. This makes them attractive for space exploration missions, where failure can be extremely costly.
Evolutionary Robots:
Is a methodology that uses evolutionary computation to help design robots, especially the body form, or motion and behaviour controllers. In a similar way to natural evolution, a large population of robots is allowed to compete in some way, or their ability to perform a task is measured using a fitness function. Those that perform worst are removed from the population, and replaced by a new set, which have new behaviours based on those of the winners. Over time the population improves, and eventually a satisfactory robot may appear. This happens without any direct programming of the robots by the researchers. Researchers use this method both to create better robots, and to explore the nature of evolution. Because the process often requires many generations of robots to be simulated, this technique may be run entirely or mostly in simulation, then tested on real robots once the evolved algorithms are good enough.
Virtual Reality:
Robotics has also application in the design of virtual reality interfaces. Specialized robots are in widespread use in the haptic research community. These robots, called "haptic interfaces" allow touch-enabled user interaction with real and virtual environments. Robotic forces allow simulating the mechanical properties of "virtual" objects, which users can experience through their sense of touch.
Dangers and fears
Although current robots are not believed to have developed to the stage where they pose any threat or danger to society, fears and concerns about robots have been repeatedly expressed in a wide range of books and films. The principal theme is the robots' intelligence and ability to act could exceed that of humans, that they could develop a conscience and a motivation to take over or destroy the human race. Robots would be dangerous if they were programmed to kill or if they are programmed to be so smart that they make their own software, build their own hardware to upgrade themselves or if they change their own source code.
Frankenstein (1818), sometimes called the first science fiction novel, has become synonymous with the theme of a robot or monster advancing beyond its creator. Probably the best known author to have worked in this area is Isaac Asimov who placed robots and their interaction with society at the center of many of his works. Of particular interest are Asimov's Three Laws of Robotics. Currently, malicious programming or unsafe use of robots may be the biggest danger. Although industrial robots may be smaller and less powerful than other industrial machines, they are just as capable of inflicting severe injury on humans. However, since a robot can be programmed to move in different trajectories depending on its task, its movement can be unpredictable for a person standing in its reach. Therefore, most industrial robots operate inside a security fence which separates them from human workers. Manuel De Landa has theorized that humans are at a critical and significant juncture where humans have allowed robots, "smart missiles," and autonomous bombs equipped with artificial perception to make decisions about killing us. He believes this represents an important and dangerous trend where humans are transferring more of our cognitive structures into our machines.[73] Even without malicious programming, a robot, especially a future model moving freely in a human environment, is potentially dangerous because of its large moving masses, powerful actuators and unpredictably complex behavior. A robot falling on someone or just stepping on his foot by mistake could cause much more damage to the victim than a human being of the same size. Designing and programming robots to be intrinsically safe and to exhibit safe behavior in a human environment is one of the great challenges in robotics. Some theorists, such as Eliezer Yudkowsky, have suggested that developing a robot with a powerful conscience may be the most prudent course of action in this regard.
Literature
Robots have frequently appeared as characters in works of literature; the word robot comes from Karel Čapek's play R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal Robots), premiered in 1920. Isaac Asimov wrote many volumes of science fiction focusing on robots in numerous forms and guises, contributing greatly to reducing the Frankenstein complex, which dominated early works of fiction involving robots. His three laws of robotics have become particularly well known for codifying a simple set of behaviors for robots to remain at the service of their human creators.
The first reference in Western literature to mechanical servants appears in The Iliad of Homer. In Book XVIII, Hephaestus, god of fire, creates new armour for the hero Achilles. He is assisted by robots. According to the Rieu translation, "Golden maidservants hastened to help their master. They looked like real women and could not only speak and use their limbs but were endowed with intelligence and trained in handwork by the immortal gods." Of course, the words "robot" or "android" are not used to describe them, but they are nevertheless mechanical devices human in appearance.
Numerous words for different types of robots are now used in literature. Robot has come to mean mechanical humans, while android is a generic term for artificial humans. Cyborg or "bionic man" is used for a human form that is a mixture of organic and mechanical parts. Organic artificial humans have also been referred to as "constructs" (or "biological constructs").
In science fiction, the Three Laws of Robotics are a set of three rules written by Isaac Asimov, which almost all positronic robots appearing in his fiction must obey. Introduced in his 1942 short story "Runaround", although foreshadowed in a few earlier stories, the Laws state the following:
A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm.
A robot must obey orders given to it by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the First Law.
A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law.
Later, Asimov added the Zeroth Law: "A robot may not harm humanity, or, by inaction, allow humanity to come to harm"; the rest of the laws are modified sequentially to acknowledge this.
According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the first passage in Asimov's short story "Liar!" (1941) that mentions the First Law is the earliest recorded use of the word robotics.[1] Asimov was not initially aware of this; he assumed the word already existed by analogy with mechanics, hydraulics, and other similar terms denoting branches of applied knowledge.]
Competitions
Botball is a LEGO-based competition between fully autonomous robots. There are two divisions. The first is for high-school and middle-school students, and the second (called "Beyond Botball") is for anyone who chooses to compete at the national tournament. Teams build, program, and blog about a robot for five weeks before they compete at the regional level. Winners are awarded scholarships to register for and travel to the national tournament. Botball is a project of the KISS Institute for Practical Robotics, based in Norman, Oklahoma.
The FIRST Robotics Competition (FRC) is a multinational competition that teams professionals and young people to solve an engineering design problem. These teams of mentors (corporate, teachers, or college students) and high school students collaborate in order to design and build a robot in six weeks. This robot is designed to play a game that is developed by FIRST and changes from year to year. FIRST, or For Inspiration and Recognition of Science and Technology, is an organization founded by inventor Dean Kamen in 1992 as a way of getting high school students involved in and excited about engineering and technology.
The FIRST Vex Challenge (FVC) is a mid-level robotics competition targeted toward high-school aged students. It offers the traditional challenge of a FIRST competition but with a more accessible and affordable robotics kit. The ultimate goal of FVC is to reach more young people with a lower-cost, more accessible opportunity to discover the excitement and rewards of science, technology, and engineering.
FIRST LEGO League (also known by its acronym FLL) is a robotics competition for elementary and middle school students (ages 9-14, 9-16 in Europe), arranged by FIRST. Each year the contest focuses on a different topic related to the sciences. Each challenge within the competition then revolves around that theme. The students then work out solutions to the various problems that they're given and meet for regional tournaments to share their knowledge and show off their ideas.
Competitions for robots are gaining popularity and competitions now exist catering for a wide variety of robot builders ranging from schools to research institutions. Robots compete at a wide range of tasks including combat, fire-fighting [75], playing games [76], maze solving, performing tasks [77] and navigational exercises (eg. DARPA Grand Challenge).
A contest for fire-fighting is the Trinity College Fire-Fighting Robot Contest.[78] The competition in April 2007 was the 14th annual. There are many different divisions for all skill levels. Robots in the competition are encouraged to find new ways to navigate through the rooms, put out the candle and save the "child" from the building. Robots can be composed of any materials, but must fit within certain size restrictions.
Most recently, Duke University announced plans to host the Duke Annual Robo-Climb Competition aimed to challenge students to create innovative wall-climbing robots that can autonomously ascend vertical surfaces.[79]
Since 2004, DARPA Grand Challenge tests driverless cars in an obstacle course across the desert.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)
